Title:منوی یک سیستم غذایی سالم

۲۰۱۱-۱۰-۲۸ ارائه دهندگان: آلیسون هیستینگز و سامینا راجا این وب‌کست فقط برای مشاهده در دسترس است، برای اعتبارات AICP CM قابل استفاده نیست. این جلسه برنامه ریزان را با ابزارها و استراتژی ها در حوزه رو به رشد برنامه ریزی غذایی جامعه و منطقه ای آشنا می کند. سامینا راجا از دانشگاه ایالتی نیویورک — بوفالو و آلیسون هاستینگز از کمیسیون برنامه ریزی منطقه ای دره دلاور مولفه های یک سیستم غذایی سالم را تشریح می کنند و مشکلات ذاتی سیستم های غذایی معاصر در ایالات متحده و نقش این حرفه در ساخت و ساز را برجسته می کنند. سیستم های پایدار این جلسه با بررسی بهترین شیوه ها از سراسر کشور به پایان خواهد رسید. توسط بخش APA-نیوجرسی حمایت می شود.

قسمتي از متن فيلم: Right now such as you can pay rent and eat if you eat a burger king so several problems in the food system complex problems largely invisible and I would argue partly because there isn’t an entity in the United States especially at the local government level that is responsible for ensuring that the food

System like any other infrastructure that is commonly known to planners such as housing on transportation etc there is no entity that is overseeing the help of our food system but that’s not to say that nobody is thinking about it a lot of people are thinking about it and are

Defining what it means for them to have a good food system so a common definition of a good food system is one where food is affordable helpful culturally appropriate and grown using environmentally just practices and environmentally safe practices such a food system is one that works for producers for the farmers for the

Processes for distributors and of course for those who eat it it’s important for a food system to work that the community members determine what their food system looks like within this big issue of malfunctioning food systems planners are stepping up to the plate and playing important roles in helping fix food

System quickly a brief history of what planners have done historically in the food system way back in the 1800s to early 1900s planners did think about the food they thought about sanitation they thought about infectious disease they thought about where markets were located in communities and used planning

Strategies to make sure that infection did not spread for example but that preoccupation with sanitation and also with aesthetics to some degree is still reflected today in outdated zoning codes that occupy themselves with where food is being sold in what community but not about what quality of the food is moving

Slightly forward to early 1900s interestingly at the first national city planning conference the first annual conference the keynote speaker was asked to identify the most important issues that face the planning profession and he identified food as one of the important issues at the time though planners thought a lot about efficiency in this

System they thought about individual components of the food system for example there was a lot of focus on increasing the transportation efficiency of food from producers to consumers through the location of terminal markets however at the time there wasn’t a lot of attention paid to the food system in

Its entirety food was also in the minds of people because of the economy in 1917 for example about forty percent of our household budget was being spent on food that’s not the case anymore moving forward in the 1930s and following that several decades after United States food system transformed quite a bit to

Innovation in technology modernization and also the advent of food corporations that have really transformed how food is produced and distributed in communities jumping forward to 1990s in 1997 a survey conducted of planners in the United States found that not a lot of planners thought that food was important

In fact thirty eight percent of planners in 22 cities noted that food should be a matter of planning concern they noted that there is limited awareness of the food system and their work and what they reported as what they did didn’t indicate that they were engaged with the

Food system this was 1997 moving for to 2007 a survey of APA members was conducted by myself and some colleagues and we asked planners do you think food systems planning is a matter of importance to the profession these were planners that represented multiple sectors multiple areas of planning and

In fact a few of them even identify themselves as food systems planners and we asked them do you think food systems planning is important and in their response we were incredibly surprised and pleased that seventy percent reported that food systems issues were a significant or top priority and we asked

Them about different issues that they thought were important within food systems planning and you had in front of you a list of those issues and of course not surprisingly farmland preservation was identified as a top concern for food system planners promoting food safety on the other hand was not seen as important

So while we were pretty pleased with how planners are viewing the importance of food systems planning we were also curious to know how engaged they were in actual food system planning work so we followed up with a question and asked how are your organizations involved and you’ll see on this chart that their

Actual engagement and their organizations engagement is quite a bit less the blue on the slide represents no engagement only thirty percent of these planners APA members reported their organizations were significantly involved in food work and again they reported farmland preservation to be one of the top areas of engagement and

Hunger prevention to be the lowest so even though they claimed that they were not engaged in food systems work I would argue that pretty much everything that planners do in their day-to-day work whether it’s transportation whether it’s land-use planning in all of those areas we impact the food system so when we

Make decisions or when we think about how land you should look like in a community in the future we are making decisions about the impact on food production including food retail etc so we were curious about this gap between planners preference for being engaged in the food system and their actual engagement in

The food system so we asked them or what are the barriers what prevents you from engaging in food systems work and planners identified several areas that pose the challenge the ones on top not surprisingly always is lack of resources planners don’t have a lot of resources to engage in food systems planning which

Is one more area of planning to have to think about now they also talked about lack of staff trained in this area lack of political support etc and then they talked about lack of community support as really the last not the most important issue but the least important

Issue if you think about this converse it means that communities are actually pushing for change in the food system so that’s not a barrier but lack of resources and lack of trained staff is a barrier for a lot of planning department but the planning profession has stepped

Up and really help bridge that gap some recent milestones in the profession and some of these are resources for those of you who are interested the American Planning Association in 2007 adopted a policy guide on community and regional food planning which provides direction to the profession on how planners might

Engage in food systems APA has also published published several planning advisory service reports on food system planning in 2008 and then one more recently on urban agriculture APA also has an interest group for those of you who are interested in learning more it’s called the food interest group where

People share resources and have a network of planners working in food areas of course APA conferences now include tracks and sessions and food system planning and most important for today’s call is that several local government regional governments municipal governments around the united states have adopted planning strategies to help

Rebuild sustainable food system so how can planners participate in this rebuilding of food systems well food systems in general can be rebuilt through individual action to projects and programs in the nonprofit world but also to public policy and that’s where planners play a pretty significant role

We are however new to this work but communities are not so it’s important for planners no matter what municipality you are working in to find out what food systems work is already happening in their community even though community members may not call it food systems planning work so as an example from

Buffalo New York where I am speaking and it’s sunny and beautiful just in case anybody’s wondering in Buffalo New York there are about 50,000 vacant lots and nonprofit groups have taken up these vacant lots and treated them as an opportunity by establishing urban farms and community gardens we have about 70

Functional community gardens and Buffalo these nonprofit groups this one is called the Massachusetts Avenue project engages you and engages in community development work promotes food security but also economic development through food entrepreneurship this is an example of a value-added product that is being produced in some of the neighborhoods

And Buffalo many of these groups are engaging in producing fish with in neighborhoods where there is a lot of abandoned land this is an example of a greenhouse also in Buffalo and finally these programs and nonprofit groups and community groups are recognizing that their programs and their efforts sometimes run into barriers policy

Barriers that are that need to be addressed before they can continue do what they need to do such as grow food our process who do other food systems amazing work so increasingly a lot of community groups again this is an example from Buffalo they’re engaging their municipal government and food

Systems issue in Buffalo New York for example these youth are engaged in conversations around three design of our zoning code which has not been written which is being redesigned after about 60 years to see how the zoning code can support the production of food within

The City of Buffalo the point of this is that even though there are lots of planning strategies and I will go through them very briefly that many of these planning strategies have to be informed by work that is already happening on the ground in these communities and a good first step is to

Educate one’s own self about what those projects are in the communities so what are some planning strategies and what our community is doing so there are in my mind many different ways that planners can engage in the food system here I’ve just shared three particular areas one most familiar to planners is

Through the art of plan making a number of communities are preparing plans that address the health of food systems that identify bottlenecks in the food system missed opportunities and problems and then proposed solutions for how these food systems can be improved in addition to plan a lot of municipalities are

Adopting regulations and ordinances that support the creation of a healthy and well-functioning food system and some communities are also dedicating fiscal resources to the creation of food systems and are experimenting with pretty innovative but also traditional tools so within the plans how can you support food systems after my

Presentation you will hear from Alison Hastings on a really good example of such a plan at a regional level in greater depth so I will give a very broad overview of the sorts of strategies communities are using around the country a number of two at regional scales municipal scales

County scale including as well as neighborhood scales are preparing stand alone food system plans that tackle bottlenecks and production processing distribution of food consumption of food and lay out a course of action for the future for how these food systems can be improved some communities don’t tackle

The food system in its entirety but develop plans for a particular piece of the food system for example in Buffalo New York there is a plan for community gardens minneapolis minnesota has recently adopted an urban agriculture plan all of those are plans for pieces of the food system the most common and

Most prevalent and perhaps the one that may be the easiest for a lot of planners to think about in their own communities is how food systems can be tackled in their official plan this can be comprehensive plans these can be land use plans these can be environmental and

Climate change plans so on the slide you have a list of some examples that I took from around the country boise idaho new orleans louisiana harrison county mississippi dane county wisconsin really have you know it represents many different parts of the country the west south Midwest communities are including

Food concerns within their comprehensive plan food shows up either throughout the entire plan or it might show up in particular elements as you can see on the slide it often show up in agriculture and natural resource elements but increasingly we’re also seeing communities include an element on health in their comprehensive plan and

Food often shows up in that health element a number of communities are also addressing food in their environment and climate change plans because as I mentioned earlier on in the presentation the quad the state of our food system has significant implications for our environment a number of moving on to

Regulations a number of municipalities that experiment with how zoning ordinances or bylaws may be amended to support a healthier food system Kansas City for example has adopted a zoning ordinance that supports urban agriculture permits urban agriculture as well as the sale of produce in residential areas a number of

Other municipalities regulates fast food some of them completely prohibit fast food in addition to that sort of zoning Gordon change we’re also seeing what are popularly called chicken & B ordinances a number of municipalities are now are allowing raising of chickens within cities which is not which was not common

Until recently in many places 3 example provided to you our madison’s Buffalo and Cleveland and Buffalo for example you can have four chickens per lot and there are setback requirements etc some municipalities are trying to promote access to healthy foods and vegetables by incorporating conditions into the development review process while other

Municipalities such as New York City has used the notion of density bonuses to incentivize the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables in commercial areas in retail stores other municipalities are streamlining permitting processes for healthy mobile bending so for example if you your municipality might consider permitting

If it allows mobile vending to make it cheaper or easier for a vendor who’s selling fruits and vegetables to get access to permit other municipalities New York City again as an example has reduced parking requirements for stores that sell fresh fruits and vegetables finally on the fiscal end one of the

Common not common but popular programs that is emerging around the country is something called fresh food financing initiative a lot of municipalities are experimenting with the use of financial tools loans and grants to support the creation to support small grocery store owners well as large supermarket owners to

Provide fresh fruits and vegetables this is really kicked off by a really innovative program in Philadelphia known as the fresh food financing initiative which was then later replicated in several other parts of the country and of course there are traditional tools that are familiar to farmers better to

Planners such as the use of purchase of development rights and other farmland preservation tools for supporting production of food there are a lot of details a lot of specific language I’ve received a lot of requests asking for language that is used in comprehensive plans and specific definitions and standards that are using zoning

Ordinances and a lot of details so I don’t have sufficient time to go through those details in this presentation but i will point you to a resource a recent policy brief called planning to eat and it’s a compilation of innovative local government plans and policies throughout the united states it includes direct

Excerpts and definitions and regulations that might be helpful to you if you are interested in these I believe we are going to email this resource out at the end of this presentation to everyone who is on this call so look for you you know look watch out for it it’s coming your

Way with that I will end and be happy to take questions and I will hand it over to the next presenter Allison tasting hi everyone this is Allison Hastings from Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission and hopefully my screen is up and you can see it so thank you very

Much dr. Raja for that presentation I’m very glad to present alongside you because you’re very knowledgeable and you’ve been doing this a lot longer than me and also on a little bit intimidated because you sound so eloquent and you have so much depth of knowledge so what

I’m going to talk about is kind of drilling down a little bit more on to planning for greater philadelphia food system my presentation today here’s a little bit of an outline of some of the stuff that i’m going to cover so who is the Delaware Valley Regional Planning

Commission DVR PC why we’re interested in the food system highlights from some of our food system planning projects that we have been undertaking since 2008 and then I was asked to speak briefly on some what some other local governments are doing so examples around food system planning from around the country and I

Have two very brief examples about that so an overview of DVR PC we’re Philadelphia’s Metropolitan Planning Organization and we were created in 1965 and this is a map of the nine-county region that we serve we serve parts of southeastern PA as well as well as southern New Jersey and the little blue

Line in between is the delaware river so we serve two states which is interesting also something that’s important to know is that both states Pennsylvania and New Jersey are home rule states so while we prioritize transportation funding we can only really advocate on land use planning so that’s a lot of our staff

Time spent working with municipalities and counties on land use planning that coordinates transportation investments strengthens the economy and protects the environment so here is a map of where the DV RPC service area that yellow part in the center where it is along the east coast so you can see some of our

Neighbors we’re really close to Wilmington Delaware New York City Baltimore Maryland and a lot of the work that we’re doing around food system planning extends beyond the GV RPC service area because there’s so many agricultural resources right outside of our service area right outside of our metro area but then we

Also have to realize and understand that that we’re part of a mega region which is the Boston New York City Philadelphia Baltimore DC corridor which is really important for Street system planning so why is DVR PC interested in the food system food system planning we get this

Question a lot and we think food cuts across all issue areas again we were founded and we have a mission to coordinate transportation land use the economy and the environment and I think dr. Raja talked about why food is really a part of all those things I’m going to

Go briefly into why it’s important for greater philadelphia so first when it comes to transportation food relies on an efficient transportation system and Greater Philadelphia has a multimodal system with both free freight networks a port system rail as well as interstate highway systems that move Freight really

Quickly but then we also have a multi-modal transportation network for people so we moved people throughout the region along with multiple options of transportation including public transit walking trails as well as our road infrastructure and this is something really important to think about when we’re thinking about food philadelphia

Because of where it’s located along the east coast as well as because we’re a lower congested area especially compared to other parts of the United States and our neighbors New York and DC we’ve become a very large court for bananas and other products originating from the South South America southern hemisphere

So 14 million tons of food moved through greater philadelphia in 2002 when it comes to land use food also it picks up a lot of land and we’re really thinking about the future of how we’re going to use our land what does the region look like in 20 35 20

And we have to think about in the future if there’s no form so might be no shoes so farmland preservation has been a large part of our organization over the last 15 to 20 years and if anything is becoming a bigger part of what we talk

About when it comes to the economy DVR PC is also recognized as an economic development agency in a certain way we maintain the region’s comprehensive economic development strategy that said as an agency that does long-range planning we’re thinking about a post fossil fuel transportation network and a

Post fossil fuel economy so that means we have to consider how much of our food system relies on fossil fuel inputs so this chart that I have on this screen is the US Consumer Price Index from March 2010 to March 2011 so the CPI is an economic indicator calculated by the

Bureau of labor statistics and they consider all different types of urban or consumer expenses like housing transportation medical care so the blue line on this chart shows the percentage change of all consumer items you can see how it goes up and down the red line shows the price index of all consumer

Items minus food and energy so it’s much more stable much more flat line and you could argue that food and energy or very similar food is our body’s energy food is reliant on energy especially fossil fuel inputs fertilizers and feed and transporting it from farm to consumer and additionally in an economic climate

Within which we are in where most employs people are seeing a reduction in incomes or flat in comes the volatility of necessary items such as food and energy means that we’ll be taking up a bigger portion of our incomes and spending less on everything else including housing so we think this is a

Very big thing to think about when you’re thinking about economic competitiveness and when it comes to regional food systems greater philadelphia is thinking about how building a stronger regional food system having more food producers located closer to where we live may be a way to buffer the region from these volatile

Prices and food prices when it comes to the environment again we’ve had a long tradition of environmental planning at DVR pc so this chart or this map shows some of the analysis that we’ve done farm acreage and farming in a 100-mile foodshed around greater philadelphia so drawing a

۱۰۰-mile radius from a center point in philadelphia around the region you know captures a very large area so in this area in between 1950 to 2001 this area lost over half fifty-eight percent of its agricultural land in the 100-mile foodshed so that’s a tremendous amount of agricultural land that we’ve lost and

This chart specifically shows the red is the agricultural soil that we lost in just since 2001 so we’ve lost over half of our agricultural land but we’ve lost a tremendous amount in the late 1990s early 2000s however we still have out of this area that’s very densely populated

And has lots of sprawling development thirty-seven percent of it is still undeveloped land that is considered to be important agricultural soils so we still have a lot of great agricultural resources and agricultural production happening close to our metropolitan areas that’s a little bit about why EVR PC is interested in food system planning

And now I’m going to talk about what we have done so far so in 2010 we release the Greater Philadelphia food system study and we followed that up with a plan where we looked at with what are the things that we want to change what are our recommendations and we published

That in May twenty firm sorry februari 2011 and so I’m going to go over some of the highlights from those two publications first in the 2010 food system study we started with non planners stakeholders who had much more content knowledge about the food system or their part of the food system than us

And they actually created our scope of work so going back to what dr. Roger said about maybe taking the first step is to have an understanding of what’s going on already that’s what we decide to do when we jumped into food system work we knew that it wasn’t our expertise and that

There was a lot of things already happening in philadelphia so we went to content experts experts in their own right to ask them how we could help and i actually created a scope of work for us the 2010 food system study was built on a lot of intensive surveying and we

Basically did an assessment for large-area the regional food system that 100 miles foodshed we assessed AG resources food freight distribution the food economy and social capital what our social resources for the 2011 food system plan we followed up what we learned from the study and we with a

Larger group of stakeholders of content experts we ask them to identify values I come up with aspirational goals and then identify indicators in which we can monitor the overall regional food systems progress towards these values and goals and then we also identified far-reaching recommendations and we had an opportunity to prioritize

Recommendations which I’ll get into a little bit later so as part of our analysis goes this is a map from US Department of Agriculture 2007’s a census of Agriculture we mapped what out of all the counties that make up like a 100-mile foodshed around greater philadelphia you know what types of

Commodities are they specializing in so dark green in that center is veggies and philadelphia county salem county gloucester counties in new jersey they have a top commodity they get a lot of value their farmers get a lot of value from growing veggies that dark purple right next to gloucester and salem

County that’s atlantic county and that’s Barry’s you might see some white spread throughout and that’s milk and cheese like Lancaster County in Pennsylvania is a big producer of milk and cheese and then there’s a lot of yellow at the outer edges and that’s poultry and eggs

But that light purple pink that you see everywhere that is nursery products as well as mushrooms mushrooms are also categorized in that but nursery products likes Todd landscaping material things that you plant in front of your house you see that all throughout this food shed and that let us know that on this

Area definitely not only from the landscape level is it underneath a lot of pressures of sprawl that agriculture it also transitions to serve its its populations it’s where demand is and so there’s a lot of demand near suburban izing areas for agregar nursery products and sod it’s such as something important

To know about at the food system and a group of that agriculture is not just about food it’s about a lot of other parts of the agricultural industry and a big finding from our food system study was that the 100-mile foodshed that we looked at that was beyond DVR pcs nine

Counties does not have enough agricultural land to serve even the population of Greater Philadelphia which is 5.5 million people let alone over 30 million people who live there but that’s okay because our plan our study in our plan we’re not looking at being like self-sufficient we were looking at you

Know what is a food system and what is the difference between the international food system and the regional food system and how do they work together so moving on to the plan we decided to have a conversation with our stakeholders to talk about what they wanted to see in a

Regional food system because the International the globalized however you want to phrase it the industrialized food system gets a lot of food to a lot of people really quickly so what what is the different about a regional food system so we talked about values and goals and these are aspirational and

Again we were doing this with non planners which was a really interesting exercise to do so these are the values and goals that they came up with we want a food system that values farming and encourages stainable agricultural practices food is already a large part of the economy so how can we

Crees healthier food options and encouraged livable wages when it comes to health we want a food system that makes us healthier when it comes to fairness we want to see that where an individual lives can detrimentally affect their health so we want to see more fairness in the food system we want

A system that protects the environment rather than compromises it and private public nonprofit sectors and individuals want and need to work together to achieve a food system that embodies our values so as I said before we did a few indicators and I’m going to show to just

As examples of the type of of indicators that we’ll be tracking long term and this one is related to economic development so this chart looks at food sector employment in Greater Philadelphia looking at all different sectors of employment we pulled out food specific ones and so it has shown that

Food sector employment has grown by 4.4% between 2001 and 2008 and this compares to a two point five percent increase in overall and employment so food sector employment is growing slightly faster than other types of of employment and we wanted to say that this is probably not

A full or accurate capture of all the food sector employment that happens in Greater Philadelphia because a lot of the food sector is a part of the informal economy so we can only get you know what’s reported to the government so that’s so there’s calling many more

Workers in the food system than 270,000 in Greater Philadelphia we’re estimating closer to 300 thousand or more and here’s another slide related to our fairness goal and value this looks at household food insecurity for the whole states of New Jersey and PA um PVR PC and many of our stakeholders to find

Food and security as a person or a household not knowing where their next meal is coming from and so just to put that in perspective like I don’t know what I’m going to eat for dinner tonight right I haven’t decided when I’m going to eat for dinner tonight but I know I’m

Going to eat night that is that’s a big kind of way to define food insecurity I think it puts it in a very realistic term so since 1995 USDA has monitored household food security during annual survey and this chart shows that both states have seen a large increase thirty-eight

Percent in the number of households in the number of households suffering from food insecurity so it’s gone up dramatically between 2001 and 2008 and we anticipate that it will go you know continue to increase only have more up-to-date data available so the the stakeholder committee came up with 52

Recommendations I think we gave them over 100 recommendations and we asked them to prioritize so 52 rose to the top and from there we were able to see like their top priorities and we saw their top priorities for each value category for farming and sustainable AG our stakeholders want to see farmland more

Affordable through a range of new business models like like lease agreements so going beyond farmland preservation what are some other opportunities when it comes to ecological stewardship our stakeholders recommended implementing market-based solutions that protect natural resources such as marketing programs or new brand development so relying less on

Regulation or less on direct Parma direct payments to farmers we’re not relying less of looking at different alternatives for that when it comes to fairness our stakeholders that establishing a long-term eating habits and healthy behaviors through food choices education and activities in local schools will create customers for

Our local food providers in the future so that’s going to the idea that educating school children will create long-term healthy behaviors that will last them into their lifetime for Economic Development our stakeholders wanted to see more business development strategies ranging from training programs to financing innovations that reduce the barriers of entry for

Entrepreneur entrepreneurs and farmers around health our stakeholders recommended that there should be an increase in public awareness of healthy food through interactive programs and educational experiences so pushing kind of how public health gets its message out there and then around the value of collaboration the rector the

Stakeholders want GV RPG to continue to convene the food system stakeholder committee so that is a good transition to what DVR pc is doing well I’m sorry these are coming up out of order sorry so first we are continuing to convene the stakeholder committee and as long as

People want to get together and share ideas and learn together we’re willing to host that committee and it’s really their committee Const content experts food system professionals however you want to name it far more advocates it’s really their committee so they get to shape the agendas and decide on what we

Should learn about and it’s an opportunity to network then we were also very fortunate to work with one of our large regional foundations here the William Penn foundation to create a financial and technical assistance initiative and that was really helpful because what we started that program while we were coming up with

Recommendations so we were able to implement a few of those key recommendations in the future we’re going to continue to monitor the implementation of the food system plan and will assist with others efforts whenever possible so supporting a nonprofits application for a grant program we’re actually meeting and

Discussing about an issue or a problem gvr pc will help one possible and then what we’re doing on how we’re adding our planning knowledge to the issue is that will be long-term investigating the rules of local governments in the regional food system so here’s an example of one of the grants that we

Made with the William Penn Foundation and we made it to the Greater Philadelphia tourism marketing corporation GP TMC and this is a screenshot of their website and so GP TMC markets all over the country all over the world to get people to visit Greater Philadelphia Philadelphia and so

We thought it would be really neat if I could start pushing local food and making Philadelphia known as a food destination and celebrating our local artisans and our local farmers and what makes food around greater philadelphia is so different and so unique and so this has GP GMC being the experts that

They are in marketing and tourism have made an amazing fully homegrown campaign that there’s lots of programs associated with it so they do a lot of programming they work with stakeholders who also do education and they have a really deep website with a lot of content about

What’s going on in the local food system so it is a really neat project everyone should visit food visit silly calm so there’s many reasons why local governments address food system issues in this at all conclude my presentation we are finding that local governments that we work with are wanting to address

Food system activities because in many communities it makes up a large percentage of their land use and in certain communities it creates a lot of economic value so again by the numbers the food by the published numbers by the bureau of labor statistics the food system might only make up like ten to

Fifteen percent but we think that in many communities is probably thirty percent or more of all economic activities access to affordable safe fresh and healthy food it’s a benefit for residents and community so we’re seeing a lot of governments respond to social equity and public health issues

Like that that’s where they’re coming at this issue from and also local food builds local economy so a downtown’s restaurant row is a key driver of that small Main Street um economic success farmers markets are becoming the new town squares there’s now places where people interact and it’s something that

We didn’t have 10-15 years ago that more and more communities once so looking at specifically what some local governments are doing here’s an example from State College Pennsylvania which is outside of the greater philadelphia area outside of gbr pcs service area it’s where Penn State is but we like this example

Because on this we’re lipstick example so in 2007 State College in partnership with the county that they are in their Solid Waste Authority in penn state they were awarded a $250,000 grant to do a pilot program and the pilot program was to do a commercial and residential curbside food scrap collection program the

Collection started in January 2010 and it was in response to a study that was done in 2003 about waste composition the study determined that fifteen percent of material being sent to landfills in north central PA where were state colleges was food waste and that was higher than any other material that they

Tracked so so they thought that this was a good point of intervention if they wanted to reduce their landfill whipping so the pilot phase included 649 residences and nine businesses and three consumer food scraps were collected and brought to the burrows yard waste facility and next with other yard debris

And converted into useful compost they diverted 136 tons in the inlet I guess 17 months private or 17 months pilot study and they saved 9,500 dollars in transfer station cost what they estimate that the program cost them 44,000 and staff time to operate the program so we like this example because it’s realistic

It was small enough where a lot of the municipalities that we serve can identify with it and also the prices weren’t totally astronomically out of whack so today the state college thinks it was a success the actual staff there they would like to see it continue but with financial you know uncertainties

That all local governments are facing they don’t know so in December 2011 the borough council will adopt a budget for 2012 so the future of continuing the projects dependent on budget allocation but again we like this example because it’s real it’s realistic and it’s a small burro and New Jersey and

Pennsylvania have a lot of small boroughs then going to DV RPC service area again we serve nine counties Burlington County in New Jersey’s of those counties they have a really great farmland preservation program and we don’t be good to highlight this so it’s one of the state’s first farm it’s

These is new jersey’s first farmland preservation program it relies on public and private investment and it’s invested over 110 million dollars over the past 25 years at preserving farms and what’s interesting about Burlington County is that they did a 10-year comprehensive farmland preservation plan and they’re going to reach their goals of preserving

Additional acreage very very soon so what does a farmland preservation program look like once its attained its go ahead its goals so this is I think we’re Burlington County is really kind of leading the adjuncts on thinking about food system planning so they’ve partnered with American farmland trust

To do some model ordinances and here’s an example of some of their model ordinance ordinances that they draft it I believe they’re all available in Burlington county’s website if you are interested in it and again it’s kind of going back to what dr. Raja said about how local governments can inadvertently

Put up some barriers but also put in some policies or incentives for food system activities I think these model ordinances are a perfect example of removing barriers as well as creating incentives for more agricultural production and also what’s interesting about Burlington County is that they bought a farm in 2005 the historic dairy

Farm that was really important to the community that it was in it was one of the last farms in this particular Township they purchased the farm outright and they decided like what are we going to do with this farm they decide to create a debris Lincoln County community agricultural center which

Opened in 2007 it’s a really neat place it’s becoming a place for the whole county to gather around they have a CSA farm that participants can buy shares and they host a weekly farmers market that’s covered so if even if it’s raining it’s a very pleasant place to be

And then it’s also a great place to demonstrate different types of Environmental Design environmental stewardship so Rutgers extension built a beautiful rain garden in it and you know they have a lot more plans for where the community agricultural center could go in the future I think a

Lot of people would say this is a big success so that concludes my presentation and think i will turn it back over to chris or brittany hi Alison thank you for the presentation samina as well um this is Brittany I’m going to be handling the question answer session so

Our first question comes in from Douglas Martin and have there been any legal challenges or hurdles associated with regulations addressing healthy food systems such as prohibiting fast food requiring fresh fruits and vegetables and convenience or waiver of permits can we take a stab at that the examples

That are provided in the policy brief that you can all download from the archive none of those have been challenged in court but we do have examples of long-standing examples these are not new we’re fast food has been regulated sticking with fast food for a minute so the town of Concord

Massachusetts I believe for example has an outright ban on fast food and it’s been there it’s not a new thing it’s been there for quite a while so a lot of ordinances used to ban and regulate fast food not because of health reasons but because of aesthetics traffic impacts

And other reasons that that planners thought were important and I have not heard of any recent challenged in the courts around these regulations but there are some legal opinions that say that if you regulate fast food for example for health purposes that is more clearly serving the public interest and

Regulating it for say aesthetic purposes so it’s a little bit early but I think the opinion out there is that if it’s done for health purposes to protect public health which is really one of the fundamental reasons why zoning is upheld in the courts we should be okay okay

Great thank you I’m our next question comes in from Alan Frank how do you align your concern with current food affordability with the fact that food is more affordable now than ever ie individuals spent forty to sixty percent of their budgets on food in the early

۱۹۰۰s I’ll start with that but I think Allison might have some insight into it based on delaware valley as well so even though it is true that we spend a smaller proportion of our budget on food today what we buy may not classify as food the same way to classified back

When we paid forty percent of our budget when we spend forty percent of our budget on food so let me give an example what we save at the grocery store and what we say maybe at the supermarket we actually end up paying that price just at a

Different location it happens to be a doctor’s office so right now we pay if we turn the food price into nutrient price we pay about six times as much to derive energy from a carrot as we do to derive energy from a chocolate chip cookie so even though it’s cheaper we’re

Not getting the nutrition value for the money that we are spending and I would say this isn’t this is a direct answer but i think the things about the industrialized food system we don’t necessarily want to lose all of that you know the food system of the future we’re

Going to need a mix of different kinds of production practices different types of producers different types of retail outlets we just need a different mix regarding food affordability that wasn’t directly answering the question but answering food affordability yes that we spend a lot less on food now has done a

Great thing for our economy it’s created more jobs created a lot of its created women to leave the household and be able to have jobs besides cooking all day there’s been a lot of benefits to the the industrialized food system or the modern food system so i don’t think

Regional food systems are advocating for a turn back the clock type thing or or advocating for us to spend more money that much more money on food I think the future of food we will be spending more money on food because it is going to get more expensive there’s going to be more

People everywhere and possibly less land to produce it less people to produce it so it’s something just very much to think about and if we start to start paying for the real cost of food the environmental externalities that we don’t always pay for when we buy like

All use cheezits as an example i love cheese’s you know that’s we’re going to start paying for those externalities very soon in other ways whether it’s through the food price or through infrastructure costs remediation processes that you know all the other things associated with living in a modernized world okay great thank you

Our next question comes in from Eric LaBrie and early in the presentation dr. Raja you mentioned that food waste when placed in landfills as an environmental problem can you explain why biodegradable food waste as an environmental concern and rentals it’s not that biodegradable food is a concern it’s that it’s a lost opportunity

Because that food waste could be potentially used to compost and replenish soil so I’ll use urban areas as an example there are some food is some solid waste disposal companies that are using solid waste to a lot of different methods that I can’t even begin to explain but they are using it

To convert it to generating electricity as well as to use in the production of hydroponic tomatoes etc I think of it more as a lost opportunity for reclaiming that food waste into the food production process but yeah because it’s biodegradable it will it will be it will

Get decompose but we will have lost the opportunity of utilizing it to replenish our soils in urban areas for example soil quality is pretty poor and all the food that’s generated in urban areas if it’s not utilized we’re just wasting a lot of a natural resource that we have

Okay great our next question comes in from Stephen Curlin um he would like you to go into more detail on the distribution of food other than the transportation costs and also more details on the waist used to maybe go into detail on the use of digesters at

The farm level for recycling so more detail on the distribution end when when I think about food distribution and I think Allison maybe can help on this one food distribution happens in multiple different ways who distribution can happen through the market mechanism which is through grocery stores to

Supermarkets to restaurants all of those are food distribution mechanisms in addition to that food can also get distributed through institutions so our school systems for example are responsible for feeding a good proportion of kids in the United States so there are many different ways to distribute food in there’s a lot of

Interest in the food system planning work to see if there are any distribution mechanisms that close the distance between producers and consumers so those alternatives and some examples i think alison mentions these one of them for example which is innovative is the idea of a community supported agriculture effort where farmers

Directly sell their produce to consumers so there is no middle there’s no wholesaler there’s no other retailer it’s shortening the distance between the producer and the consumer and then there are other examples as well so any sort of direct marketing efforts are an alternative distribution mechanism on

The digester from I don’t have enough details of how local governments have supported it but I can point you to innovative projects so one of the examples that you might want to look at is the growing power project in milwaukee wisconsin that is what’s called a closed-loop energy system ditch

They grow their own food they reclaim waste from the food they have a large aquaponics facility so the food waste that is generated is actually used to feed the fish in the aquaponics facility and they have an on-site open-air composting but they’re also experimenting with other kinds of food

Disposal methods I’m sorry I’m that’s not my area of expertise but I would point you to growing power Alison do you have other example oh I think there’s a USDA I did have maybe a few years ago have a push to do more on farm electricity generation and a digester

Could do that so having farmers reduce their costs by producing more of their own energy that would be some proponents say that would be a huge help in keeping farms profitable because they don’t they can’t always control the cost of input and a lot of people call farmers price

Takers instead of price makers so their cost of inputs might be going up but they can’t necessarily get more for the apple that they’re growing if they’re selling to a wholesaler who has a set price or they’re in a contract with a processor who’s already said they’re

Going to pay them this much so there has been a push to do more on farm power generation and that would be an example you know of a digester that turns food into nothing that you could then use um regarding like the distribution and that’s a huge question that a lot of

People are discussing about the distribution network of the United States as a whole between there’s you know there’s so much food that moves throughout the whole country all the time if you think about like what you see when you’re driving a highway or driving a city street a lot of delivery

Trucks that you see at certain times of the day are delivering food a lot of tractor trailers that you see on interstate highways are delivering food you know there is a very complicated system that’s always moving and some of the most interesting people to talk to you our truckers I find

Because they you know they kind of understand the economic landscape of the United States and in a really interesting way like a lot of food warehouses that serve New York City are located like along the New Jersey Turnpike in Cheaper areas but they can get into New York City really quickly

And then a lot of food warehouses that serve like Greater Philadelphia and New York City are located in central PA rate also the Pennsylvania Turnpike so that’s I don’t know that’s a long conversation we could do a whole session on kind of the interesting things about food distribution and then all the different

Types of different models that um you know that different organizations different individuals are experimenting with okay great our next question comes in from gym licen and he’s asking are either of you familiar with the veggie fruit prescription program we’re family health care providers write prescriptions to families for vegetables

And fruit to be filled free at the local farmers market and this program links food security and health care together not that specific one but yeah there are similar programs and other places and there are other ways that both local governments but also federal government is trying to incentivize the purchase of

Fruits and vegetables but that’s a great program except if there is no place to buy fruits and vegetables at the local farmers market I mean if there are no farmers markets and stores to buy fruits and vegetables that kind of programming is hampered which really makes it

Important to think about the role of planning and policy to support these programming I think it’s a great program but I think planners and policymakers have to think about the environment within which these people live and have to make these choices now there’s an example in Philadelphia that just

Recently launched on the st. Christopher’s Children’s Hospital which serves a part of North Philly they just launched a veggie RX program and it’s linked to a farmers market type program like a CSA program that the st. Christopher’s foundation for children so st. Christopher’s Hospital has the foundation that

Foundation runs that CSA program so it’s like an RX to get to participate in that program and get fresh fruits and vegetables into your diet and here’s how you’re going to do it that’s a really neat way of tying the hospital and then their operational foundation their two

Missions and sometimes a line and that’s an example of how is aligning this isn’t directly related to the question but it does occur to me that planners might be interested in knowing that when that kind of programming is put in place it has a pretty significant impact economic

Impact on the local food system so for example if the demand for fruits and vegetable goes up by twenty percent in a community you are likely to see an impact on purchase if there is an emphasis on local purchasing you can capture those dollars locally within a region and CS spillover there’s been

Studies done in Iowa recently and we’re doing one in Erie County right now to measure what the multiplier effect would be if people were to indeed get their five servings of fruits and vegetables from their region not that it will be one hundred percent regional but if we

Were to increase the proportion what would be the consequence for the economy and I think there is a tremendous opportunity to both improve health but also economic health great I’m our next question comes in from Douglas Martin have you seen any use of farming ways to assist in biofuel production or other

Usable resources which benefits a community and environment would you repeat the question sure have either of you seen any use of farming ways to assist in biofuel production or other usable resources which benefit a community or environment I mean I get again like um you know there was a push

To have more farmers create their own energy so that would be an example of a farmer using some of their waste some other I guess glut product or spoil a product or you know what have you created into biofuel that would then run their equipment so there are like you

Know handful of examples of that around Pennsylvania around the country i’m sure they’re very expensive to get that kind of system up and running so that i think that’s why the USD I was supporting it with like grants and that type of thing in Philadelphia specifically greens grow

They have a biofuel cry gas generator they run their their pickup trucks on it and they get their bio fuel from restaurant grease traps so in the areas that they that their neighborhood they go around to certain restaurants and collect the grease and use it to run

Some of their vehicles and I think they did receive a grant to get that system up and running okay great well that’s actually the last question we have so and if you do have any other lingering questions that you want to ask you can always contact dr. Samina rock rajah and

Allison Hastings at their email addresses that are listed up on the screen right now so I you want to take a moment and just jot those down and thank you so much i dr. Raja and Allison for a great presentation I think everybody really enjoyed it and and for those of

You who are still in attendance I’m going to go over a few reminders in just a few moments thank you you alright for those of you who are still with us and to log your CM credits for attending today’s webcast please go to ww plng org CM select today’s date which

Is friday october 28 and then select today’s webcast menu for a healthy food system this webcast is available for one and a half CM credits also we are recording today’s session so you will be able to find a recording of this webcast along with a six slide per page PDF at

Ww utah APA org slash webcast archive this does conclude today’s session I want to thank everyone again for attending you

ID: Av5ftI0go44
Time: 1343486031
Date: 2012-07-28 19:03:51
Duration: 01:04:53

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