Title:قانون برنامه ریزی سری بررسی آزمون AICP

۱۶/۰۳/۲۰۱۲

قسمتي از متن فيلم: Um hopefully you can hear me give me one second here um i want to make sure you can hear me and since all the attendees are on mute i know you can’t respond and say yes we can hear you or not um let’s see actually um

Okay i can tell that you all can hear me um but would would s with a few of you just in the questions tab on the right hand of your screen say oh somebody already did can hear you i hear you thanks guys okay good um good morning everybody my name is

Jamie simone i’m the professional development officer in illinois welcome to today’s webinar in preparation for the aicp exam today’s topic is about quantitative methods and research um i’m going to take a couple of take care of a couple of housekeeping items first as i already mentioned

You will be on mute the whole time for those of you who have been on this before you know this already but i’ll just go through it again for new people you’ll be on mute the entire time if you have questions or concerns please send a

Question to me in the question tab on the right hand of your side of your screen which some of you have already done and i will respond to those throughout the session if there are simple questions that i can answer on my own i will just answer them

If they’re questions that i need the presenters to answer i will keep a log of them throughout the session and then they will be answered at the end of the session today’s session will likely be shorter than most of the other ones we as the as the co-op of chapters who

Ran this together we decided to separate quantitative methods from plan making usually those are covered together but we felt like they were different topics and deserve their own time so this session may be a little bit shorter than the others for that reason the session is being recorded and it

Will be available on the utah website um the aph excuse me the utah chapter of the apa’s website they have a whole webinar um archive that they keep and so when the session is over as i said it’s being recorded i will send it to the folks who

Run that website and they will upload it and it will be available for you to download and listen to and view again the powerpoint slides were not available in advance and they will not be available after the session but like i said you can view them via the recording on the utah chapter

Website i think those are all the housekeeping issues like i said if you have questions send them to me from the questions tab on the right hand side of your screen i am going to um i am going to change presenters here and send it over to the people who are

Presenting today we have john hauseill and devin levine of haucil levine associates in chicago and we also have trevor dick who’s a senior planner with the chicago metropolitan agency for planning and they are co-creators of planning prep and i will hand it over to them and john

I just handed you the baton okay i can see your screen so we’re good to go thanks great great well thanks jamie uh this is uh devin levine uh i’ll be leading through the the first i guess uh 50 of the presentation here this morning and thank you all for for

Coming and best of luck on the exam this morning’s topic is quantitative methods and a brief introduction first about the presenters this is uh john hauseill’s bio he’s a principal and co-founder of housing living associates he has 20 years of public and private sector uh experience so you can see john’s credentials there

These are mine 15 years of both public and private sector experience when you’re like john a principal and co-founder of housing living associates and trevor dick who is a senior associate at the chicago metropolitan agency for planning with similar experience 15 years and trevor and i have worked together

For about 10 of those years and we co-created planning prep back in 2002 so just real briefly what is planning prep we created in 2002 it won a illinois chapter of the apa gold award in 2007 for best tool it’s an online study resource to help you prepare for

The the exam by no means is it should be the only uh resource you use although we have heard people have passed the exam just with with the website although i i wouldn’t recommend it especially if uh you’re not from a planning background or planning education it’s definitely a

Great refresher if you went through a you know planning school there’s over a thousand practice questions on there there’s practice exams and what we try to do on each of the multiple choice questions is give you an explanation there used to be a fee for this we used

To charge uh i think 120 dollars for a membership it’s now free of charge something we heard we the the three of us did a webinar on uh march 2nd two weeks ago on plan making and something we heard in the q a was there’s a way for people to coordinate study groups

And upon hearing that um we had forums on our website we took those down but the last couple of days we set up a facebook planning prep and so if you want to head over to facebook there’s a way for you know people who are preparing for these presentation on location quotient

Uh i thought it was a pretty good art but specifically what it was and how to calculate it so um in addition to planning prep you can also head over to facebook and look at it breaks it down by by topic area and this quantitative methods falls under this

۳۰ plan making and implementation um and they go on they have this list a through r these are the different topics um that concern this morning’s presentation you can see we’re dealing with a pretty small subset of the overall plan making and that sort of speaks to what jamie was saying it might

Be a shorter presentation uh real quickly we’ll jump into what we’re calling our first calculations so we know there’s 170 questions on the exam there’s 20 that are pre-test and i don’t know if that’s been explained to you but some of the early questions and not necessarily the first 20 but

In the first part of the exam there’s 20 pre-test questions that are intended to get you familiar with the the software and the online testing and those don’t actually count towards your score the exam is 150 questions but there’s 20 pretests but they’re not necessarily the first 20 questions so

The advice we give to people that have taken our course is not to rifle through the first 20 questions that start at question 21 because some of those questions could count um so we know 170 questions 30 will cover plan making implementation and so if we

Take 170 and times it by 0.3 we 51 questions that will cover plan making an implementation six of those which are pre-test this quantitative and qualitative research is one topic so it’s 5.6 so mathematically speaking uh there’s 2.85 questions on the exam 0.33 will be pretest so you can see we’re dealing with

If you just can’t get your arms around statistics and it’s something that you don’t know and you know learn the other material first and maybe come to this because in terms of the larger picture it’s a relatively small portion of the exam there could be more there could be less there’s no

Guarantee that there will be an equal distribution of those 18 subcategories but just to show you some quick math up front that’s those numbers the apa selected reading list for plan making implementation lists four different um books that sort of pertain one is the census website down at the bottom um

And there’s a couple oh sorry it should and then the statistics for uh cliff’s quick review right at the bottom two so there’ll be five books that uh pertain to statistics uh so if you’re looking to see um you know what exactly uh you need to be studying um

These are the the books uh so why so much attention to quantitative methods you can see here these are the uh these are the the different webinars that have been uh prepared as part of this uh series um and you can see quantitative methods is sort of pulled out and given its own

Topic area despite the fact that it’s a relatively small portion we took a look at the chapter president’s council study guide there’s 236 pages of material 25 of that book is dedicated to quantitative methods um and i think the reason there’s so much attention given to this is that you know

Planners struggle with statistics and we generally don’t use these skills on a daily basis and so as a result it can be quickly forgotten but i will say that there’s typically no gray area when you’re dealing with statistics and math and quantitative methods it’s right or it’s wrong and i think

You know that part of it makes it sort of a favorable study topic because uh when you get to that sort of end of your conclusion on the exam you know that your answer is right now that being said i don’t know if uh if you’ve had the run through what types

Of questions to expect um brandon here at our office threw this together as an example of the type of question you might want to see is sort of which one of these is correct and you know you wouldn’t think there’s an answer but apparently there is an answer and you know it might

Depend on where you’re sitting um there’s also questions the this is another one that we sort of have shown at different training sessions which of these numbers is greater than zero uh and if you’re ever faced with if you get a question like this on the exam um

This is a sort of john how seal at the last session was speaking to to this there’s a lot of questions where there’s multiple right answers that you need to take the one that is most correct uh or the best answer and so it’s kind of a funny uh type of question

Here but the answer would be d because it’s furthest away from zero would be almost how that would score uh you know i don’t think you’ll see a question like that but there’s a lot of gray area on the exam and fortunately for this part we can usually get to a calculation

That’s right or wrong so the structure today’s webinar we structured it around the chapter president’s council guide which had seven different sections and so we’ll run through these seven topic areas so an overview of the concepts there’s three different types of data there’s discrete data which is a set of finite

Data values it’s inter integers only so example is like a you can say a building has 10 rooms it’s just a a number continuous data is values in the continuous range like a temperature or height and then nominal data is values that represent labels or names so good bad fair poor

And that sort of relates to the types of different scales you have an ordinal scale which numbers indicate a position in a list or ranking so we often use these types of skills when we say you know rank these images from excellent to poor and then a ratio scale a ratio between

Intervals independent of you of a unit of measurement and so it’s used to measure maybe the cost of one project to another if you’re doing cost benefit analysis floor area ratio you’re comparing something to a fixed variable some of the key terms you have a mean mean is the average average of of

Numbers so if you have a seven numbers you would add up you know the total of those numbers and divide it by the number of uh values that were in the that equation the median is that number that divides the values into two equal groups

And if you’re ever in a position of an even number of uh of values so if you have to figure out the uh the median of say six numbers well there is no one number that will divide that into two equal groups and so what you

Would do is you take the two numbers that were right in the middle and you would take the average of those two numbers uh mode is the value with the highest frequency so in a list of numbers which one is cited most frequently then the range is the

Difference between the largest and the smallest values so real quickly here here’s a table some examples so you have this group of numbers uh 3 4 6 8 3 6 11 17 5 23 6 18 21 3 17 20 24 and 16 and then six numbers on the uh on the right side

Um so your mean is 11.10 so again it’s the sum of all those numbers up above it divided by the actual total number of uh of numbers within that number set the median is eight the mode this one we have two modes because uh three occurs three times and six occurs three times

Then the range the range the hot you take the highest value and the lowest value you subtracted you get 20. and then on the uh the right side you can see we we do it same calculation we took an even data set so you can see the median is 20505

And it’s the average of those two values so real quickly is how to calculate mean median and mode i think from what i’ve heard uh speaking to just about everyone that’s taken the exam there’s some easy question relating to one of these types of types of statistics on the exam

We look at the types of statistics we have descriptive statistics which are describe observe data and organize and summarize so it might be something like taking uh census data and describing what is in the data what’s the median household income what’s the average age of a population inferential statistics uh is to infer

Conclusions from a sample about the broader population and this is where you don’t have the ability to get records from everyone in the population so you take a subset which is the the image is showing they’re basically from those five purple figures you’re able to draw generalizations about the rest of the

The population some key terms relating to statistics variance it’s a measure of how far a set of numbers is spread out the standard deviation is a measurement of variability it’s the dispersion around the mean and it’s the square root of variance so it’s it’s how it’s how a typical number differs from

The rest and if you have a low standard deviation that means your data points are real close to the mean uh if you have a high standard deviation that means the data points are sort of large and spread out and so if you think of a bell curve

A low standard deviation is going to be sort of a real tight and narrow curve a high standard deviation is going to be wide and spread out and then another sort of phrase you may hear as a z-score is z-score is the number of standard deviations and it’s used to test test this

Hypothesis and use it to reject or accept a null hypothesis a population it’s a collection that contains anything it could be a set of people it could be you know uh people under the age of 40 uh could be the students at a school it could also be

The number of parkway trees along wilson street so it’s a collection that contains anything a sample is a subset of that population a random sample is a randomly selected sample where each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected and that is critical to validity and

Inferential statistics a random sample um you know it’s in caps there it’s i mean it’s truly is critical to being able to make generalizations and then a stratified random sample is a variation of the random sample but the population can be divided into mutually exclusive groups or strata

And so it could be men or women or take a survey within a community it might be residents in neighborhood a neighborhood b but it’s some other type of grouping of your random sample so you take a look at a bell curve your mean is right in the middle it’s uh it’s

The line that is right down the middle of a normal distribution uh your first standard deviation um generally yours your first standard deviation will capture about 68 percent of a number set or of your of your data um and again if you’re within one standard deviation you’re closer to the mean

You’re closer to sort of the average of of the nu of the values of a number set two standard deviations capture uh about 95 or 97 of uh of the data and then lastly three standard deviations is 99.9 so with that’s basically how a normal distribution works there’s some great

Articles on wikipedia if you just type in standard deviation um you can see you know this curve as well as a pretty good explanation about how to use it to make inferences and evaluate numbers we’ve heard of skewed data data gets skewed there’s a negative skew

And a positive skew and i always sort of i can remember thinking these were always logically going in the wrong direction from what i sort of think a negative skew would be skewed left but what happens with a negative skew is you have a value that’s so far to the left

Of the mean that it pulls the tail out to the left side and so the data looks like it’s leaning right and then the positive skew is the opposite you have a number that’s to the right of your mean and it pulls the tail to the right side so those are the two

Different types of skews and that’s how they were they sort of relate to the the bell curve this is sort of everything is is centered around the mean and it has a normal distribution around the mean and this you have some outliers that are pulling the the mean in one direction

When you test a hypothesis you’ll see this if you see an h with a lowercase o that’s a null hypothesis it’s the hypothesis of no difference it’s what you actually test to be rejected an alternative hypothesis is your research hypothesis and it’s taken if you can reject your null

Hypothesis so to put that into into layman’s terms if you sort of wanted to see did the new streetscape project along wilson street have any impact on property values so you’d set out that’s the question you’d like to ask well what you actually test is that the property values along

Wilson street have not changed if you’re able to reject that hypothesis that you’re now showing that they have changed then you can accept your alternative hypothesis so you actually test a null hypothesis and when you can reject it statistically you accept an alternative hypothesis the next sort of section related uh

In the chapter president’s council book chapter 14 is population estimates and i guess i’d like to say the uh the chapter president’s council uh study guide is uh probably a great resource if you haven’t gotten a copy of it i’d contact your pdo and get a copy of it um

I have noticed sort of going through it the the pdf that’s available now it looks like it’s a scan and it’s been character recognized and it’s resulted in a lot of typos and so when you go through it it’s probably the worst part of the whole study guide

Where you think you want to typo and there’s a couple points where it talks about medium home instead of medium home value uh the typical part of the pan or the instance of plants when it’s did this character recognition i think it put into here a lot of different typos so

Maybe we can get that proof read and edited but it’s a great study resource if especially for this section um so population estimates there’s you know reasons we want to estimate populations planners we need the current and future it’s important for long-range planning and future government funding we needed to assist government agencies

Decision makers school districts park districts all of our community service providers provide senior services and facilities and it’s also used to determine federal and state funding as well as some other different things so there’s key terms relating to population estimates you have estimates they’re calculated for the current population levels

Uh so if you’re estimating your current population we’re not always fortunate to be where we are right now with a recently completed census uh often you know we’re several years away from a census and we have to estimate our current population using the previous census and it’s our understanding that

The data from the 2000 census is yet to make it into the exam and so maybe this is why they want to sort of make sure your your skills are sharp and population estimating um forecasts more subjective uh and it’s to basically project out a population um it’s sort of related to population

Projections to calculate for future population levels some of the key terms here too that relate to this are migration it’s the movement of people in or out of a study area so net migration is the you know the people that have have left naturally increased uh it’s the crude

Birth rate minus death rate and so those are different ways and different ways uh and you’ll need to in calculate population projections and population estimates so when you estimate three different ways to estimate population migration and natural increase and so you take a known population level so let’s say the 1990 census

And you identify the population that’s moved into that area as well as the natural increase the the new births and the deaths within that area and you can get to a population estimate a ratio or step down that’s used to probably easiest way to explain that if

You want to identify the population of a neighborhood you could identify maybe a census tract that fully encloses that neighborhood you’d figure out what percentage of land area that that neighborhood represents of that census tract and then you would just sort of uh use some calculations to figure out

What the population estimate would be so again you’re sort of making some generalizations of assumptions symptomatic basically you’re looking for different changes that are visible that show signs of population increase so you might take a past census say a 1997 special census and then you’d look at how many that’s the symptomatic method

Projecting projecting similar to estimating um one of the uh the things is cohort survival you take your you take your uh population you put it into a population pyramid and you age through the uh the cohorts um you have again net migration and natural increase uh there’s figures that are employment driven

And i think they say that uh you know some economic development people think this is a good way and they basically you look at how many jobs have been created within an area and you use that as a way to estimate estimate population step down again real similar

If you have a population forecast for a larger area and you know how big your study area is in relation to the larger area you would step down mathematics and in graphics this would be like a scatter plot or or a line chart where you’ve established a trend line

That you would then sort of continue to draw that trend line out over a time period to get a a population number and then holding capacity it’s just you know how much population could a land area support so if you’re maybe a landlocked community that’s surrounded by a number of different other communities

And you know you have only 640 acres left of land to annex you could do your population projection by figuring out how many people can live in those 640 acres so census census.gov and fact finder great resources for for demographics um and so if you haven’t visited that

Website it’s in the list of recommended readings um and there are some real interesting facts that i think will help you with some other questions as well as give you a feel for how to deal with population addictions and projections i wanted to show this chart again we

Showed this a couple weeks ago and we had a question that was asked near the end of the q a session and this is the rust belt declining populations these this is the amount of population decline in these communities since the year 1960 so over the course of 50 years this is

The population decline and that’s a critical piece of information that’s missing from the this graphic but i thought i would make that clear so this is a you know population pyramid and the cohort survival method which you would do is age these cohorts so if you’re looking at projecting what the population would

Be like in five years or ten years you would take each of these uh bars along your pyramid and you’d start to raise them up factoring in um death rates and birth rates and you sort of age a population pyramid um it’s an example of the step down

Method here’s a here’s a question you might see something like this on the exam the latest census reported the population of centerville to be 24 000. riverside is a neighborhood you’re studying it’s located within centerville has historically been one of the larger more vibrant neighborhoods the time of the last census eight

Percent of the population lived in the riverside neighborhood five years have passed and the city has experienced growth in all of its neighborhoods the current population of intervals asked me to be 32 000. so if you had to use the step down popul method you would basically take 32 000

And times it by 8 that would basically step down the current population to what do you think the population of riverside symptomatic uh this is another example we have population centerville 24 000. since then they’ve issued 30 312 permits for construction of single-family homes um 10 permits for commercial businesses

۲ for construction multi-family developments which will have 62 and 40 dwelling units respectively and then it goes on to give you the size of an average size of a single-family household 3.2 people and a multi-family dwelling in a 2.4 and then there’s uh we go in here we say the average

Commercial business employs one person for every 250 square feet it’s just some and expect us to see this on the exam just some additional data that doesn’t uh factor into your calculation so you can ignore the with a commercial business employees it doesn’t pertain to this question and

Even when i was going through some of the sample questions that the apa has provided it seems like something that they like to do to sort of throw you off to make sure you know what you’re doing they’ll put in some extraneous information that doesn’t relate to this question and so um

One of the things to keep in mind here when you’re doing this type of math whenever you’re trying to figure out how many people live in an area so if you have 3.2 people and there’s 312 permits you want to round up there’s no you know

۹۱۲٫۶ people that would be 913 so you’re always going to round up when you’re dealing with population projections like this um next topic area shift share analysis uh shift share is a technique used to look at changes in employment in the set of an area it’s used to compare a region or area’s

Share of employment across either the nation or a larger region so regional scientists widely use the technique to examine the source of employment growth so it’s basically comparing your study area to the share of national or regional growth um sort of related to this is uh sort of the local component of cheshire’s

Location quotient it’s the ratio of proportion of a local employment in one sector to a similar portion of the national economy and closely related to this is the economic base analysis basically divides regional industries into two different uh areas you have basic which is export and non-basic which is local and

It assumes that the basic sector drives the economy i guess because the non-basic spectrophobic sector is sustaining that that community or that region so location quotient can be used for determining the impact of a change in economy and predicting future growth um this was a question in the back of the

The last couple of pages so it’s a sample questions from them listed above are two types of employment percentages for industries x y and z in a metropole Economic planner can assign which of these industries to the export sector of the metropolitan area so your choices are x only why only z only and y and z only and i’ll explain this so you’re looking at comparing the local economy as to a reference economy in

This case i think it looks like we’re carrying the local economy to the national um so you’re looking to calculate the ratio between the two so the ratio is called the location quotient and so this is how to calculate location quotient and in this this question has

Already been done for you but it’s you take a look at your total regional employment in any industry divided by the total regional employment and then once you have that number which is the that first percentage column you’re going to divide it by the national employment and how to interpret location quotient

It’s easy there’s only three outcomes you have less than one one or greater than one and if it’s less than one then uh it suggests that your industry is not meeting local demand and that you’re importing um if if it’s one it’s sufficient to meet local demand if it’s greater than one

Then there’s extra jobs and you must be exporting goods and services so thinking back to this question the question basically says which which of these can an economic planner assign to the export sector uh it’s basically the ones that have a higher percentage of local employment over national employment and so it’s y

And z only and so whenever i get another little tip i guess when i get to a question like this if you’re having a hard time sort of wrapping your brain around it you assign try replacing the variable variables with names so if you think of like a

Medical industry auto mining might help you sort of uh figure it out and just sort of make it seem less mathematic and more sort of personable in real life there’s a chapter in the chapter president’s council study guide called comparing alternative lives with unequal lives and what this is getting at is

Life cycle analysis and your comp they give you a lot of formulas in here uh pretty complicated and i at this point you know you’re not going to have any types of tables with z scores and to be able to sort of look up to see if something is statistically significant

So the math in this exam is going to be incredibly complicated uh but you need to sort of know how the the formula is generally and what they’re generally saying so when you get into these study guides if you see a lot of formulas you don’t have to put a lot of

Memorization in the formulas just know the basic concepts and so this life cycle analysis just provides a way to compare different things that have different life cycles so if maybe you’re buying fleet vehicles uh one of them’s more expensive but will last 20 years and one of them is less

Expensive will only last 10 years well it gives you this gives you the math basically to figure out how to compare those two to see what would be best suited for your department or agency and with that i will pass it over to trevor who will speak to budgeting okay

Thank you very much devon uh as devin said i’m going to spend a couple minutes to talk about two topic areas in this section the first is budgeting and then i’ll follow it up with financial and cost analysis for many of you who are on our previous presentation a couple weeks

Ago this may be a little repetitive but we just can’t assume that everybody was on it a couple weeks ago we’re still going to cover the same type of uh definitions terms and topics but we’ll add a little bit more especially to relate more to the overall topic which is the

Quantitative qualitative analysis in terms of budgeting planners really need to be aware of the different types of budgeting terms the different types of budgets that that can be produced and the different ways that budgets can be created but also more importantly how budgets impact planners excuse me on a daily basis

So we’ll start with what is a budget um well we’ll actually start with even more of a famous quote it’s one of these quotes that often comes up in the examination it’s by aaron wellness wildanski which is a budget as a series of goals with price tags attached

That’s an example of a quote you may see on the examination so be aware of who is the famous planner who said that a budget is about allocating and spending tax dollars to provide services to the public generally if the taxes if the budget wasn’t in place then the local residents for

Example would have to pay for it themselves so the budget looks at how to best spend dollars tax dollars to serve the greater good for public planners not only does this impact our salaries but often impacts our work plan and as we all know especially planners who work in the government sector

Budgets are very political and budgets are often the way that the layperson for example can see what is the most important projects attitude or areas of concern for the elected officials budgeting is tied to not only the elected officials goals but the administration’s policies and actions budget preparation consists of three

Key things to think about when we start estimating so we look at first estimating how much cash will be available at the start of the fiscal period you really want to see the baseline what do we have right now in the coffer so to speak the second

Key point in estimating is how much additional revenue will be raised from the beginning of the fiscal period to its end and the third is how much cash will be available at the very end of the fiscal period those are three very important things to keep in mind as we prepare budgets

This next section we want to talk about the methods of finance so once you start preparing your your budget you really want to look at okay what are the different ways that we can create the financing tools and bring finance into the municipality for example the first is current revenue

Or which is commonly called pay as you go this is the financing of improvements from current revenues such as taxes fees or service charges very very common the next is reserve funds and general obligation bonds in reserve fund financing funds are accumulated in advance and often pay for larger capital construction or purchase

Projects a lot of this money may be earmarked or surplused especially from the year before but this is often very important for larger projects general obligation general obligation bonds very similar the taxing power of the jurisdiction or the municipality for example is pledged to pay interest upon and retire the debt

The obligation bonds cannot be or can be sold to finance permanent types of improvements such as schools municipal buildings this is something that is very common in paying for recreational centers parks for example and sometimes voter approval may be required it depends on your local rules jurisdictions

The state that you are operating in but general obligation bonds are another way to finance budgeting budget items the next is revenue bonds revenue bonds are frequently sold for projects and these projects typically include water and sewer systems and the type of projects that are likely expected to

Produce revenue so if there’s a fee that can be charged at the end revenue bonds are often sold in advance to pay for that project the next is lease purchase lease purchase is a method where for example if a private company or authority already has the facility in place the community needs

For example up here in chicago if it’s a hockey arena and there’s a community called darien where there was a hockey arena built there was a demand for the community to have a hockey arena so they entered into a lease purchase and after paying for rent over i think it was 15

Or 20 years at the end of the day the municipality actually owns the hockey arena the next is authorities and special districts this may be special districts to help pay for a special item or need from the community quite often it’s a school district library district a library district or park district

The next is special assessments that’s something that can be charged to a specific area for example if it is a neighborhood that needs new sidewalks a special assessment can be charged on that neighborhood to help pay for the sidewalk and is generally has to be paid by the residents or the

Businesses or the area that will be specifically benefited by that new project state and federal grants uh pretty obvious these are the number of grants that are out there this constantly changes an excellent source to keep track of gov grants is uh ww uh uh it’s go grants.gov easy for me

To say this morning grants.gov and it’s a great way to keep track of the grants that are seem to be constantly changing and it’s a good source for you and your community to see what grants are out there and what are available uh the last method of finance we want to

Talk about this morning is tiff tax increment financing we talked about this a little bit last time but for those maybe who weren’t on the on the call a couple weeks ago some of the key things to keep in mind with tiff are that they are typically administered in the following ways

First a tip area is established and that is typically created around a bladed area there’s a number of criteria requirements that need to be met to make an area quote unquote a blighted area after that tif bonds are then issued to promote redevelopment in the area and

To actually do some redevelopment in the area such as infrastructure in the end when there’s new development that’s brought into the area that tax increment is used to then retire the tif bonds that were issued to help redevelop the area in the first place

And one note to keep in mind this can be very controversial because some of the special districts such as school districts can’t use the additional revenues until those tif bonds are retired the next section is the different types of budgeting systems this morning we want to talk about three

Of the biggest budgeting systems three of the most popular that you probably encounter would encounter as a planner the first is ppbs planning programming and budgeting systems some of the key terms and important things to keep in mind are that it wasn’t developed in the early 1960s by the defense department

And it is organized in three ways number one it is organized into spending programs rather than functional objects number two ppbs has extended its programs far enough into the future so that it can determine the spending implications and number three all programs are subject to explicit quantitative analysis which means that

It looks at what the functional object is doing what the project is planned to do what is planned to cost and then lastly basically what is the benefit of this project going to be and it comes up with a rational quantitative analysis at the end to try and determine which project

Should be completed the next is mbo as it’s often called management by objectives this was created in 1954 by peter drunker and really it organizes goals into performance objectives it really has planners and elected officials take a step back and look at how the project will meet a goal

How it’s expected to meet objectives and then rank it at the end to see which one would create the would meet the objectives more efficient and more effective zero-based budgeting is the third and that was created in the 1960s by texas instruments and basically some of the the key term

Remember here is that starts from scratch every year there’s another term that you’re often likely to see on the examination what budgeting system starts from scratch every year and of course the answer would be zero-based budgeting it breaks down the budget and the smaller quote-unquote decision packages those decision packages are then tied

Back to objectives and then ranked this next chapter we’re going to talk a little bit about financial and cost analysis this is very much so very much tied to budgeting in general so planners need to be aware not only of budgeting but what are the financial and cost analysis

Techniques out there and how to best use them the first thing we want to talk about is some key definitions for financial analysis the first is equity versus efficiency and to be quite honest this is a struggle for local governments local governments constantly have to struggle between

What is equity and what is efficiency for example what is fair to the most people but also what is the most efficient way of getting the most return for the dollar and it’s a constant struggle for local governments the next is horizontal equity versus vertical equity and horizontal equity means equal

Treatment for people in equal economic circumstances while ver vertical equity which is exactly the exact opposite of that that looks at an unequal tax treatment for any unequal economic circumstances the third market value uh this is pretty common this is something we hear a lot about uh especially if you’re a

Homeowner like your your myself that’s a it’s a thing i don’t like to look or think about very often but market value is uh what is the estimated market value of what your property could sell for presumably presumably on an open market and it’s the property is taxed on the

Basis of what the property assessor’s estimation of that property is worth the next is progressive proportional and regressive taxation uh these are some terms that you know aren’t you’re not very likely to see on a daily basis but they are some of the things you may be asked on

The examination a progressive tax is a tax where the ratio of tax payments to income increases his income rises and then the ratio of a proportional tax is constant while the ratio for regressive tax declines as incumbent income sorry income rises and those are the four big

Methods that a lot of people look at when talking about local finance some of the big terms the next thing we’re going to look at is finance financial innovations and there’s three examples of financial innovations listed here and really this is what’s happened especially from the local communities

Looking at different ways to try and get as much tax share or tax revenue as they can the first is regional tax base sharing this is uh this is an example this is actually done in minneapolis minneapolis-st paul region it’s one of the first to carry out this program where taxes are

Gathered throughout the entire region and then shared throughout all the local municipalities in that region it’s a very unique way of looking at that this could work i think an example where maybe a local municipality doesn’t have a big regional shopping center may maybe not be getting a lot of tax

Revenue or sales tax revenue maybe it’s a purely residential community and this is a way maybe to get some of the sales tax from the shared throat all the different types of municipalities in that region uh tiff i talked about that a few slides ago but that is definitely a local tool

That municipalities can use to try and gather some revenue and then property tax abatement which is really uh where we start to provide incentives to local developers or businesses to come to your community there may be a reduction or you know taxes may be waived altogether

Because they know that at the end of the day that new business is going to provide a lot more sales tax revenue than property tax that’s going to come in the last slide i’m going to talk about here is different ways to look at cost analysis so in the budgeting process we’ve looked

At the different ways we can budget it how to prepare for it we’ve looked at the different types of revenue sources and now we’re going to look at okay what are the different ways we can look at the best bang for a buck so to speak

What are the different ways to look at and analysize the costs the first is gam gam which is the goals achievement achievement matrix and um there’s some key things to keep in mind here it’s really a chart which shows the anticipated accomplishments of the project’s goals and the distribution of those

Accomplishments amongst the various groups and it’ll be obvious when you see a goals achievement matrix because not only is it a chart but on the left hand side is a column where each of the objectives are listed and then there’s a row for each specific community group so

At the end of the day you can follow that along you can follow that action to see how that particular group will benefit from that action the next is cost effectiveness analysis this is the one where we focus on a single objective and a project’s effectiveness on meeting that particular objective

Often two or more projectives may result in the same objective being that but at the end of the day in this analysis you look at which alternative has the lowest cost and will yield the largest net benefits the community cost benefit analysis this is where we look at what the

Community can gain from the project what the benefits are to what the costs of the community are and at the end of the day we want to make sure that we see which benefit is greater and that is deemed to be the most worthy pursuit cost revenue analysis

A systematic comparison of two money flows basically you’re looking at what money’s coming in what money’s coming out and that equates to a cost revenue ratio ratio where the one that has the best benefit is selected so that’s really the uh the key definitions key terms we wanted to talk

About in the budgeting and financing financial section once again it’s important for planners to be aware of the different terms and technology and how it impacts us as planners on a daily basis and with that i’m going to turn it over to john who’s going to walk us through our next section

All right good morning everybody this will be quick um i’m going to be going over real quickly uh cost benefit analysis and the main thing to remember with cost benefit analysis the concept is very simple and as applied to the exam and exam questions based on past examinations and

Talking to people that have taken it it’s often a scenario based question where they’ll give you a scenario of a development or proposed impact or different infrastructure expenditure and the anticipated budget for the project and installation cost of the project and the anticipated benefit in terms of

Revenue sales tax or property tax or something else and then it’ll ask you what the best type of analysis is to determine whether the project is worth going forward and cost benefit analysis or benefit cost analysis is exactly what it sounds like and it’s a very logical approach

Conceptually it makes perfect sense the challenges and what you have to understand is that its strength lies in its concept in terms of a way to approach analysis of a problem but almost never in the planning world is it a pure statistical or numeric analysis that we

Can use to make a question or determine an outcome of a situation and the problem is that there are scenarios there’s nuances in what we do with the public realm because it’s not a private company often but a public realm situation from a planning perspective that weighs into it has to be factored

Into our recommendations examples that are given are things like excuse me if there’s a scenario or an emergency disaster something that strikes the community and the local leaders might say boy we can never afford to allow this to happen again you know this whenever what it costs this situation

Can never happen again in our community so cosmetic analysis goes out the window communities in this situation often then with the uh intangible benefit to the public good or public health safety and welfare and it outweighs any rational thinking with regard to cost benefit or what the underlying cost is of something versus

The numeric or actual pan nothing is too good for our boys in blue well whatever it takes we’ll do anything these guys need i don’t think it’s too good for you guys to build their lives on the line cost benefit analysis again there has to sort of take a second seat

You have to be fiscally aware and wise with your expenditures from a municipal perspective but you often in terms of what you’re willing to spend on the benefit gain or perceived benefit gain from a community so these are the things you have to keep in mind so good cost benefit analysis balances

Against these single purpose issues or emotional issues with a more realistic and balanced measure of the cost benefits of the situation the bottom is the pitfalls are that we have to get past these other problems the perceptions of issues and the sort of the moral or the policy objectives or

Priorities of an individual community or an elected elected body so the most valuable way of thinking of cost benefit is that is a concept the value of this is in the concept rather than using it as a rigid and narrow decision making rule so again cost benefit analysis on the exams

Typically manifest as a scenario question or a very very simple mathematical situation where they will say here’s a table identifying the costs and anticipated benefits or values of a proposed development and then using cost-benefit analysis you may determine whether as a decision-making tool it’s worth worth

While to go forward with the project or whether it is not worthwhile to go forward with the project but those are some of the pitfalls you have to remember it’s a valuable way of thinking but it can be very very very difficult if not impossible to implement uh in a public realm

Because we have to balance emotions community priorities and realistically what we have to measure as professional planners is the political world that we have to navigate on a daily basis but there’s real value to this type of cost or this type of analysis on any type of

A project a couple of pitfalls you need to be aware of if they do ask an exam a question relating to this and they ask what kind of variables are to be considered the bottom line is any variable uh in all variables to the extent possible need to be included in

The in the equation so it may be that you have to use your knowledge of what a surface parking space costs to construct and build including land acquisition and asphalting or concreting the surface versus dect or structured parking and knowing that one costs more in terms of your cost-benefit analysis

The other hurdle that you need to overcome or realize this as a shortcoming because it may ask you what are the shortcomings of cost benefit analysis that may be the question as opposed to complex calculations and one of them is the projected value of something going forward when we conduct cost-benefit

Analysis we usually do so with economic values at place in time the calculation or analysis is undertaken but most those decisions have an impact going forward into the future but most cost-benefit analysis does not take into account anything other than present day valuation of both the cost and the

Benefits of whatever the project is that’s being considered as opposed to projected calculating in the costs uh and the factor of inflation deflation devaluation over time so that’s one of the shortcomings of this type of economic approach is that it uses present-day valuation as opposed to projected valuation going forward

But the key thing to remember for the exam is the shortcomings of cost-benefit analysis why it’s often a more conceptual approach to try to aim for as opposed to a rigid statistical formula in terms of determining outcomes and understand what the shortcomes are the shortcomes are of such an analysis and approach because

The exam questions you will likely get on this are scenario based rather than statistically based dev is going to real quick go through a couple of questions regarding benefit cost analysis and i think we’ll be ready for q a thanks john these actually don’t pertain to cost benefit analysis but

Another example of a quantitative method question that i pulled out of that aicp guide it runs through a scenario that says there’s two questions that pertain to the following information it’s the desirable desirability and feasibility of a proposed shopping center are to be evaluated so developer owns 30 acre parcel votes

To construct a 250 000 square foot leasable area with 1300 on-site parking spaces i mentioned extraneous information basically the whole trade area i i found my version of the aicp prep manual from 2001 and there were four questions pertaining to this scenario and the second two actually

Had you know that’s where the 20 000 and households 12 000 uh income came into play but for these questions that are in this guide you don’t need that information um right off the bat here uh which of these following questions would be appropriate or which of the following would be

Appropriate in a shopping center of this size and this one might be a little difficult and it shows you i think the type of broad knowledge you’re going to need to have so we know that there’s a 50 50 split of square footage between convenience and shoppers goods

Which of the following would be appropriate a major grocery store and drugstore is prime tenants either department or discount store is an anchor tenant three department stores approximately the same size the experience of smaller stores with an extent so a term i’m that familiar with but

I got to think they mean like retail goods um versus uh 125 000 of convenience so if you start eliminating your different options a series of smaller stores rather than an anchor tenant i don’t think that would get at that 50 50 split so i would remove d

Uh if you take a look at number c three department stores of approximately the same size there’s no such thing as a convenience department store i don’t think anyway so i would eliminate c plus they’re saying three departments first and if you’re looking for split it’s probably not a good fit either

And i think you could quickly narrow it down to a and b but when you look at the sheer volume of size 125 000 square feet of leaseable area has to be to convenience and the same has to be to retail goods a major grocery store in a drugstore as prime tenants

A big grocery store is 70 000 square feet the average size of a grocery store in the united states is 50 000 square feet and i think you can you know find that information just you know throw in google average size of a grocery store and a drug store you know big drug

Stores about 14 000 square feet and so those aren’t going to get you anywhere near the 125 000 square feet of leaseable area so this one you’re going to come at i think through elimination and get to b the next question same scenario but this is just this was some calculation comes

In if an average of 400 square feet is needed to accommodate each parking space and associated driveways what would be the approximate acres of the blacktop of this site so you’re assuming in that 400 square feet your 20 by 10 parking stall and then another 200 square feet of circulation so

Which would include any type of roads driveways so to calculate it which you know with 450 square feet per parking space there’s 1300 parking spaces and commit this number if you don’t know it committed to memory probably for the rest of your career as a planner 43 560 square feet in an acre

So you do the math and you end up with 11.94 acres which is b between 10 and 15 acres so with that that concludes our our webinar this morning and i want to wish you best of luck on the exam we know it’s challenging frustrating and rewarding all at the same time so

Wish you the best of luck and with that jamie we will wrap it up and turn it over to q a great thanks we can still see your screen do you want me to no that’s fine okay i wanted to make sure i had that chat window great um

So the first question that was asked was related to planning prep do you want to tell people about planning prep real quick sure um well playing prep is a it’s just an online study resource and again it shouldn’t be the the only thing that you use to help you

Prepare for the exam but it’s a free website that trevor and i created and it just provides practice questions and answers as well as explanations and it’s to help you prepare for the exam you can you know i’ll call it up here on up on the screen um

So there’s a question of the week and when you log in you can see anywhere from i think a thousand different questions um similar to what you might find on the exam kevin can you intro for one second sure um when you um sorry hang on a second

How do you log on for the first time it’s you said it’s free do people just is there a way to oh right there it says not a member yet register now right and what’ll happen is they’ll get an email um that basically confirms that it’s a valid

Email they’ll get a link emailed to them and they click on it and their account is active okay um go ahead so somebody else was asking um are there still 12 practice exams available on planning prep um let’s see there are 12 practice exams yeah i guess that said

Seven in the presentation but there are 12 yeah okay is there anything else you want to say about planning prep well and just that i mean keep in mind that these aren’t questions from the exam um you know we haven’t uh they’re questions that trevor john and i have created over

The last uh 10 years and so there are questions i think similar to what you might find on the exam so special districts can be described as which the following and it’s a multiple choice base exam or a website and i will say i’m glad this one came up

There’s a lot of these all of the aboves on here because we developed this website as a way for people to learn some of the concepts and refresh their knowledge and so there’s a lot of questions where you’ll see all of the above that’s going to be the correct answer in

This case it wasn’t so that’s but there i think there’s a disproportionate amount of you know all of the above and it’s because we’re trying to help people learn the concepts uh but you can see uh it tells me here wrong the correct answer c and it

Gives us some explanation what a special district is and then beneath there there’s some different links uh and then members can come in here and add comments if there’s a dead link they can give it like a thumbs down it’ll drop that comment down there or someone post

Something that maybe you disagree with but um part of making it free is we added a whole interactive component to the website where people can sort of leave a note for someone else coming behind them to help everyone prepare for the exam okay you had mentioned earlier something

About facebook study groups and i have to admit i i wasn’t paying close attention at that point were you suggesting people could use facebook to form study groups yeah well we created uh if you go to facebook.com planning prep there’s a planning facebook page and so if someone’s getting sort of chat

Basically we’re trying to provide a forum for people to have discussion about preparing for the exam if a question that came out last two weeks ago was that i’m trying to form a study group with people who live in jumping on here they can sort of post

That and they can connect with other people in their area or even if it’s just a web-based study group but a way to i think uh talk to and chat with other people that are preparing for the exam okay great um there was a study group guide yeah your president’s council guide

Is that available online or is that something people have to purchase well that’s the that cd-rom jamie that you used to sell yeah and so i think it’s available by purchase yes so that it’s um it is a cd and um for those of you on the attendee side if you contact your

Professional development officer um they should have it or you could counsel or excuse me uh contact your chapter president since it’s their counsel that puts it together yeah and what i was saying with that is there’s like say chapter 13 it’s the basic guide to concepts on quantitative

Methods it’s written by barbara becker i found the original one of this that i had in a photocopy binder from the late 90s uh and so what i think when this cd-rom was put together they just scanned in all of those um all of those sheets and did like a

Character recognition and i think it created a lot of typos that you know for a topic area that you don’t want a lot of typos this one i noticed quite a bit and there’s a lot of referring to the table on page 197 and it’s referencing

Parts of an old document and so i think it could use a good proofread and clean up okay um let’s see can you talk a little bit about the difference between forecast and projection well i guess it’s really sort of uh you know the same thing it’s population

Forecasting and projecting is just sort of um identifying where you think your population is going to be and then you know the next time period whatever it is 10 years 15 years 20 years but a population projection forecaster you have the same thing great um you had or trevor had said that there

Was an important person associated with budgets and that you should know their name and there was a quote can you repeat that it’s aaron white waldowski and the quote is a budget is a series of events tied with price tags attached and uh one more time just for good

Measure so everybody hears it okay his name is aaron a aaron wildanski w-i-l-d-a-n-s-k-y a budget may be characterized as a series of goals with price tags attached he adds since funds are limited and have to be divided in one way or another the budget becomes a mechanism for making choices among alternative expenditures

When choices are coordinated so as to achieve desired goals a budget may be called a plan great thank you um let’s see is it likely that the exam will include questions about the details of the types of bonds and funds that you were talking about no

I think you just need to know what they are i don’t think um you know there’s so many things to test in terms of the general broad knowledge of of planning uh you’re not going to need to know the nuts and bolts of all the different financing mechanisms okay

I think we talked about this question the last time we did this session together two weeks ago but is there a good planning reference for budget and finance and i think i looked on the epa’s website and couldn’t find anything do you know of anything this chapter president’s council guide

Chapter 17 is is pretty good um it’s basically 18 pages on budgeting budgeting and the other book it’s the wiley and sons apas urban planning planning and urban design standards i think there’s some in there and then i don’t know if it’s still a recommended reading but

It’s the green bible which is the practice of local government and planning and i know a lot of this material even within the chapter president’s guide comes straight out of that great bible they’ve reprinted it it’s a it’s a new book now and i don’t think it’s as useful to the

Field of planning as the old one was i think the new one is put out by the icma county mayor’s association or city cities and mayors association and so it’s provided general knowledge of planning to i think a group of people that may not be familiar with planning

Uh the old one um you know when i say old i think i’m trying to think of a published date on it’s probably in the 70s it was referred to when you know back in you know it’s the green bible right and i know there’s uh a lot in there on budgeting and

So if you get a copy of that or get your hands on it i know it’s in every planning library and every old planning department might have a copy sitting on a shelf somewhere um but i wouldn’t recommend the new one for that as a study resource but definitely the old one great

Um if we can just take a couple more questions here um someone you had mentioned getting the average size of a grocery department or excuse me grocery or department store and using google do you think people need to memorize those sort of things or how would you know that for the exam

Yeah i don’t know that’s just sort of one of these uh jeopardy type questions that show up you know either note or you don’t and um i mean i’ll be honest one of the things in preparing for this webinar i took a look at the practice questions provided

By the aicp or the apa and i looked at that one and i had to go ask dan gardner in our office you know i said hey dan can you answer this question and he looked at it and right away he goes oh it’s b a’s a grocery store is never that big

And then so that sent me to google to find out you know how big an average growth i mean i knew a big jewel was 70 000 square feet but i had no idea how big the average grocery store was right and uh so he said at super targets typically about 125 000

Or can get up about that big so but yeah i don’t know maybe if and maybe that’s sort of the broad test of planners as planners work in the communities throughout the country they they see petitions from developers looking to build grocery stores and department stores and you know come to

Know in general terms how big these boxes are great and that we i think we covered that in plan making um but there might be some massive okay um did you let’s see hold on one second sorry i think you covered this um yeah okay um so the person who is asking about

Shift share analysis can go back and listen to the recording we won’t go back through it again um is regional tax sharing typically mandated by the state do you know the answer to that no no it’s not or no you don’t know the concern no it’s not okay

Um when an npo or state in wisconsin is done by the county okay um did you give an example of cost benefit analysis um we did not give an example of cost benefit analysis i mean it’s probably an example of a long drawn-out calculation that you

Would never have to perform as part of the exam okay um so i think you just need to know the basic principles of it and that if costs outweigh the benefits you’re not going to do it if the benefits outweigh the costs you are going to want to do it

Okay but there are examples in the chapter president’s guide and you can probably find examples online great and i think did you go over the three steps of budget making a budget prep um if you did i don’t want them to be repeated here i just want to make sure

That they were covered while you’re looking that up i’ll ask another question yeah trevor uh trevor did go over that jimmy okay so for the person who asked about that you can go back and listen to the recording and hear that right it’s basically okay let’s see

Someone was asking about the 2010 census and since i know the answer to that question i’ll just go ahead and answer it um the 2010 census will not be covered on the exam it’s the 2000 census numbers that will be covered um let’s see also just to answer everybody’s question at once

This session will be available via recording on the utah website it will not be available as a powerpoint for a pdf of the slides um did you go over cost effectiveness analysis or is that different than cost benefit analysis yeah trevor went over that as well okay um

It was the last topic that trevor trevor okay now there was a question early on um devon i think you presented it was right around when the um we were talking about standard deviation and means um you had a question about value greater than zero does that sound familiar to you

Someone’s asking about that question oh yeah that was just an example question it was this one here which of these numbers is greater than zero and it’s sort of a just a comical look at some of these answers might be on the exam because c and d are both correct they’re

Both greater than zero but d is more correct because it’s further away from zero right so it’s an example of how frustrating i think the exam can be because there are often multiple answers and it’s going to be up to you to figure out which of these is most correct

Do we have time for one more or do you need to go no sure we can do one more okay there was a symptomatic sample question solve it um sure right here so we have 312 single family permits let’s see that all i see is webinar structure that slide there it is

And this is where i was saying you get 99.8 but there’s no such thing as 0.4 people if you get a question like this so you’re gonna get 999 people out of this single family we have 62 dwelling units and 40 dwelling units so there’s 102 multi-family delegates at 2.4

And so that’s 245 so 245 44. and you add that to the 24 000 that the population was starting at since the so that would be hard to solve that one can you put up the slide about location quotient again i think people just wanted to copy the formula down sure

And while you’re doing that it’s um someone’s asking if you could talk about the pitfalls of cost benefit analysis i’ll hand it off to john um let me know when you’re on john yeah again in the pit paul is a cost-benefit analysis and this is sort of stressed out in the uh

In the uh part five the quantitative methods publication and they even stress in there this is why we we can say very safely that there’s not going to be a detailed mathematical equation or math that has to be conducted with regard to a cost benefit analysis they state even specifically in the

Study manual it’s real benefit as as a concept as a way of approaching conception even stress in there that’s often too complicated or unrealistic to use as an exact mathematical formula to figure out the benefit of a project there’s too many variables some of the pitfalls are that you often

Use current today cost or valuation as opposed to projected or future valuation and costs is being made that are not based solely on the benefit uh as derived from a cost benefit uh formula or analysis the costs are fairly easy to enumerate uh benefits a bit more challenging to

Enumerate but what doesn’t get into taking the place is boy this is something that is a priority for our community so we have to do this or we ran into this problem six years ago we’re never going to let that happen again so no matter what it costs we’re

Not going to let that happen so emotional politics and single issue drivers often make it impossible to effectively use cost-benefit analysis if you’re looking at something that is statistically followed very closely as a as a mathematical analysis so they say it’s a good concept or an approach by which to evaluate or to

Examine a problem and the real value is in that concept the real value is not in the actual statistical analysis of the value of cost versus the value of benefit because it’s almost impossible in the public realm to get at that because too many other things so to intervene

Can you advance the slide one so people can see the greater than one less than one related to location quotient please thanks um if there there are no other questions popping up so if people have questions please send them otherwise we’ll leave this slide up for a minute here so people can

Take a look at it again and write it down um but this is your last chance to ask questions before we finish the session and also um i received an email this morning from the people who coordinate this webinar series and hopefully it seems like you all got the email but um

The session that was supposed to happen on the 30th will actually happen on the 29th because there was a scheduling conflict you should all have received an email about that but i just wanted to verbally remind you um let’s see there was a question about scoring the

Exam at the end of the exam when you get your score as i remember you just get an overall score you don’t see um like you did really well in this section and you need to work on this section is that your memory as well yeah you

Don’t you don’t get a breakdown by section you just get uh congratulations you passed or sorry you didn’t pass you don’t get on the planning prep exams on the website that we’ve got you can see how you’ve done by category you can see how you’ve done by law by theory by

Plan making by ethics you can go back and query your questions to see how you’ve done in each specific category in the actual exam no you will get a here’s your score you pass here’s your score you didn’t you will not get a breakdown okay that’s what i remembered yeah a

Couple of people have asked i will just say it out loud again the powerpoint presentation will not be available after today’s session the recording will be available on the utah chapter website so it won’t be on apa’s website if you try to look at apa’s website you won’t find anything

About this all the recordings are on the utah website pennsylvania was putting some up but i don’t know if they’ve put all up i do know that utah is doing all of them um let’s see can you put up the slide oh sorry you just went off that page but can you put

Up this slide about the standard deviation in the bell curve again and for the person who’s complaining that i suggest people go back to the recording to listen to topics that have already been covered the reason i’m saying that is because our speakers only have a few more minutes

And if you have a question about what’s been said then you should go back and listen to the recording if it’s already been covered i don’t think we need to waste everybody’s time going back through a topic that’s already been covered and i’m sorry that’s the way we’re doing it you can

Download it and put it on your playlist and impress impress everybody in your office with how cool your i’ll see you uh we’ve got some green day some cold play some aicp training webinar sessions pretty much the last question here is about the green book uh they just wanted

To clarify that you said that you felt a new version was not preferable the older one seems to be more widely distributed and available and that one we’ve had several people in our office who took the exam who used that and said it was maybe the most helpful thing when

It came to the statistics uh component of the exam preparation and the new green bible is actually yellow uh the old book is actually green and it’s been referred to that for seems like decades and then they went and came out with a new version and republished it they made it yellow so

A little faux pull on the cover design but uh the green one is particularly effective for this topic area most people who use that often say it was the best source of information great so it was the practice of local government planning um let’s see people are still asking about the

Powerpoint no do you still see our screen yes hold on the powerpoint will not be available the recording will be available and the recording will include both what you’re seeing on your screen as well as the audio um and then someone just asked for the z score again

How many standard deviations you are away so if you look at the the image here you can see the z scores along the bottom so if you if your z score is 1.2 your 1.2 standard deviations away from the mean and so the higher the z-score the closer you

The sorry the further you are away from the the mean or the average of of the sample okay um okay i think that’s it um i think we i know you guys really have to be out of here um as uh devin and john are the owners of a

Private firm they’re on their way to an interview so i think as fellow planners we understand that time restrictions so we will let you go um as i mentioned and i’ll say it one more time the utah website is the best one to go to to find these sessions all the

Previous sessions have been recorded as well um a reminder that the march 30th session will actually be happening on march 29th you should have received an email about it um i think that’s all and um good luck to everybody taking the exam and thanks to our presenters today

Great and thanks again jamie good luck everyone bye you

ID: yTP7einBXf0
Time: 1375241558
Date: 2013-07-31 08:02:38
Duration: 01:29:21

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