Title:دیدگاه های بین المللی در مورد برنامه ریزی شهری در ایالات متحده

این پخش اینترنتی در حال حاضر فقط برای مشاهده در دسترس است و دیگر برای اعتبارات AICP CM قابل استفاده نیست. حمایت شده توسط: بخش بین المللی توضیحات: متخصصان برنامه ریزی به طور منظم از تجربیات سایر متخصصان که در زمینه های مختلف کار می کنند یاد می گیرند. درک نحوه برخورد حرفه ای های مختلف با چالش های مشابه می تواند الهام بخش و بهبود تکنیک ها برای رسیدگی به مسائل مهم باشد. از تجربیات چندین برنامه ریز مستقر در ایالات متحده که در خارج از ایالات متحده بزرگ شده اند یاد بگیرید و در مورد برنامه ریزی در کشورهای خود بیاموزید. برنامه ریزان از چین، برزیل، فیلیپین و هائیتی. در مورد برنامه ریزی در کشورهای توسعه یافته و در حال توسعه بیاموزید. آنچه را که این کشورها از ایالات متحده آموخته اند و می توانند بیاموزند و آنچه ایالات متحده می تواند از این کشورها بیاموزد را درک کنید.

قسمتي از متن فيلم: Hello everyone and welcome to the webcast my name is christine dorsey davis i’m the executive director of the Ohio chapter of the American Planning Association and chair of the APA in Yorba nism division and I am your webcast moderator today is Friday March 16th and we will be hearing the presentation international perspectives

On urban planning in the United States ok for technical help during today’s webcast you can type your questions in the chat box bio and in the webcast toolbar to the right of your screen or you can call that 1-800 number shown and for your content questions related to

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Just search plenty webcasts on YouTube and it will pop up and you can get a PDF of this presentation at the conclusion again on our web cast web page Ohio planning org slash planning webcast with that I am going to turn it over to Marc Lewis de grâce who

Will give us an overview of the international division today’s topic and kind of get us started so Marc I am changing it over to you okay thank you so good morning good afternoon everyone my name is Marc Lewis de grâce I’m the vice chair of events management for the international

Division and thank you all for joining us today I wanted to go over a quick couple of things about the international division in APA we’re like other divisions we’re a division of members in the APA who are interested in International planning which as planning it’s a very broad topic and

Two things that we kind of do with the international division is we share us experiences in planning really to other countries to kind of say this is what we do in the United States when it comes to the built environment and we also learn from other countries what they’re doing

What’s usable for us what we can learn what other countries are doing and hopefully through this webinar we’ll be able to learn from what China’s doing Haiti Romania and Brazil to learn what things are they challenged with that we’re also challenged with and how can we learn from each other and I just

Wanted to give you some larger context you may have heard of habitat three or the world urban form the world urban form the 2018 world Orban form just ended in February of this year and this comes from this slide you see comes from an article that was on planned Edison

Written by Michael Mahaffey and so I’m using it to kind of just give some context they had five takeaways from 2018 World Forum the first is the world is urbanizing at a blistering pace where they anticipate the urban residents in the United States excuse me in the world

To double in the next 40 years so urbanism around the world is happening at a rapid place much of this urbanization is sprawling and resource inefficient so again that model of using up land where you’re not really doing it in a sustainable manner you have a lot

Of water usage a lot of trash piling up these things that in the United States we’ve dealt with over the last century and kind of come to terms with but a lot of countries are still dealing with this a growing number of people recognize that we must change business as usual

Again getting away from that auto oriented mask and Chinn unsustainability is something that i think a lot of people are recognizing at the same time a lot of people are not recognizing this to quote the article that they haven’t gotten the memo so I think we as planners both in the US and

Internationally we have a responsibility to communicate this to our elected leaders to the people we work with to the consultants we work with and kind of just share this information with everyone and lastly the new urban agenda represents a hopeful way for it for also thinking of those urban planning

Principles that you probably learned in graduate school or through working where planning has to be sustainable it has to be holistic it has to be inclusive so I think these are all of the things that a lot of countries are dealing with now and hopefully this webinar will give us

All some ideas and food for thought and with that I’ll turn it over to Henry who will talk about his experience and development review in China Henry thank you Mark good afternoon good morning everyone I tried to narrow down the topic of today to focusing specifically devolve the review I was started okay

This is my top I made the points I need to cover for the day I was started with notes on differences between two countries and they all go through decision makers plan regulations review process and technical contents at the end I try to identify some Chinese elements that the u.s. can learn from

And they are I hope through discussion and the question session we can identify more oh I was started with a few words for late Chows from his book entitled cities law and social policy learning from the British you will notice my topic is a little bit

Dissimilar to to his book this book was originally published in 1984 Charles was a Harvard Law School professor and as a pioneer in land use law and the institution of the city planning urban development and environmental issues Oh devolve your review is a process to evaluate the design density use and the

Possible physical including environmental social and economic impacts of all development projects we’re seeing a jurisdiction both the United States and China established the development review as a critical governmental function and they we all know in the United States the demova review is totally waste local government basically of the local government we

Reviewed the development proposal especially the private sectors activity in order to safeguard safety health welfare of the general public and in China situation Gama also review approved development projects at almost all levels but their goal is to be sure that the development project are consistent with the master plan policies

And the land use vision on this slice you will see here that’s the South highest noose central business district it was built in last 30 years this slice the upper photo shows the original site in 1990 and then this what we have in 2010 there is a huge difference in many

Aspects between the United States in China and then sometime I was asked a question can you compare those two countries in terms of the development review and actually my finding is very encouraging actually in terms of land use development sequence I found it’s quite similar in a very general way on

The screen basically you can see here developed piece of property a developer regardless in US or in China needs to first decide it what’s the best possible use of the land and then they start the site planning process including site design grading road access etc design then prepares building design develops

Construction documents or so forth and completes construction and the installation and they eventually let people and attendants enjoy and use the building and they this pretty similar in terms of the sequence and but we have a different different way to get there in Chinese to che in China’s situation

There’s two paths to get the land which I will talk about later on why is the plan date and then economy basically the you remember China used to be a sighted economy and their eighth estate shoes in a in a very significant way even today and then a lot of project was approved

Not through the planning department and but through a special commission later on I will touch upon and then the market way that’s we all similar we’re all familiar was that excuse me and they after the the land acquisition the process is pretty straightforward and basically they need one statement

Two certificates in order to get the development going okay first let’s talk about the major differences you know China is still a very centrally controlled country all the orders and directions you know come directly from the central government and then the planing system basically is set up in

This way now this diagram here show different levels of the planing function and what has been established during during those years and then at the very top you will see the state basically State Department under the State Department this is the ministry of housing urban and rural development and

They it which is a kind of a line function department or ministry and then along this line you have a provincial level which it coolant to the states of the United States and there at this level you will see like Special Administrative Region like Hong Kong Macau and also municipality directly

Under the central government you will see like Shanghai and Beijing there’s kind of a special municipality and then further down this line is Prefecture that’s a different type of jurisdiction and then County and Township Oh at the ministry level there is a staff function here it’s urban and rural administration

Directly under the State Department OH basically the training system is unitary it’s a clear hierarchy all the policies operational requirements and guidelines are the responsibility of the central government and the implementation is totally was different look house the other major difference is land ownership ownership of a property

Basically consists of the three real rights the first is the right to use and then the right to gain profit from the property and then the last one is the right to dispose of the property as long as not infringing upon the house safety and the welfare if you have others oh

Sorry rice you’re in a fee simple ownership and then in China’s situation the state is the owner of the land there’s an there’s a separate they basically separate three rice as different commodity and then there’s nose fee simple ownership in China the private property right is very popular only in the recent years

China does not have any law to protect the private property until 2007 which has its first property law which protect the private property right but even that law would give only the condominium type of protection you can’t own the property Oh in 1987 the land use law of China

Basically give the national authority to control the overall land the use amount that means each municipality has a certain numbers you can use to develop you know within that certain periods of time for example Shanghai cannot urbanize or develop more than 100 square kilometers of land within 2012 and in

The at the national level there is a red line they they basically established that means they had to preserve 1.8 billion of the agricultural and walu equals to about 0.16 acre so that’s the control by the nation and they wish implemented at each level of the government the other

Difference is the role of the court in the United States because of the fifth amendment and later on the 14th amendment which makes the Supreme Court very big player in the land use whew but in China situation since there’s no private property right in the Constitution and then the law was not

Established until 2007 so the role of the court basically non-existent it’s basically the administrative remedy only in the land use process okay this is the comparison between New York City’s situation and Chinese situation as I said early today in the presentation because development review totally with local government therefore we have a

Different jurisdiction it has different review process and decision maker I think in this slice here I like New York City because this system is very uniformed and that’s why I use this uniform land-use review procedure to make comparison with China in Chinese situation the mayor and all the vice

Mayor in charge of urban development basically is the top authority on the that position there is a Development and Reform Commission which approve a lot of project which not going through the plenty department approval like they have here uh in terms of the decision maker in our normal I mean the normal

Process tiny bureau and the land bureau which were approved most of the cases and and then the administration this pool basically is a made administrative in nature and there’s other outside consultant and expert sometime will called into duty to help review and then provide some recommendation but then

Mainly food by the planing bureau and land bureau and the plains and regulation oh there is a five years social and economic plan which not prepared by the planners for example it’s a kind of CIP as we have here in the state but it’s much broader which

Include a lot of other things like infrastructure hospitals schools those kind of governmental use and also any office used by the government also under that plan oh but it’s the statutory plane and regulation basically in this sir circle master plan that’s for a guiding document and then we have an

Arrow master plan or district plan and then after that there are functional plants water sewer transportation etc and the detail plans those are the statutory and the in recent year they have a urban system plan strategic play but just not recall by the law Oh reveal process once again oh we have here

Basically follow the development sequence but the way divided into legislative approval like zoning change quasi-judicial and then administrative in Chinese situation development and form Commission basically approve a lot of the project and then they have their encouraged permitted or limited and then each of this type of approval follow

Different procedure at the time of the Planning Department review and the foods cases and in general we need I mean they need one statement to certificate approval in Journal is like administrative in nature okay this is a technical contest once again we use a New York City’s uniform land-use review

Procedure and then listed all the contents here and also use city environmental quality review procedure they have the oldest indicators and then on the right-hand side those are the indicators or materials in Chinese situation they look into it this slideshow like it the type of development review cases we have here in

Prince George’s County which the jurisdiction I’m serving and then you are see we have at least in the description or a review site at least thirty thirty cases each has a slightly different review process this wall this will led to my elements that we can learn from China a first one I would

Like to see a design professional driven review I’ll give you a very quick real word case it’s also the reality in my jurisdiction that means their attorney really needs some design training if you go to the design school you understand the concept of the green air area and then this

Whole discussion here basically they try to define what’s the percentage actually the law recalled not more than ten percent of the other you know like pavement sidewalks and water surface with either green areas and that our attorney basically says okay this term percent only applied to

The water surface and they in the case this is a not I was only need to ten percent green areas and then now the developer came in was a hundred percent sidewalk they called it green areas because they are following the law author of the zoning code okay procedure

Uniformity I think that’s the thing we need to follow as I said we have so many cases I’m sure a lot of a local jurisdiction will also have many cases each with slight different procedure so we had to use that okay the last one uh is a blended basically trail and all

Guided review this has been happening in my jurisdiction this two cases here was national harbor if you this is our effort try to use the regulation plane as a tour basically to try to make a great place happening I think under the National Harbor case well we we have

This Butte like in 10 years time frame and now if you come to visit DC areas you will you will find National Harbor is a destination oh this one contour town west also it’s our most recent effort to review cases under the regulation plan it’s a it’s very in a

Early stage and development gradually coming but you will see for both situation if they have a very strong form and provide a lot of a predictability for both the developer and the citizen I think that my time is up I will give it to Jackie thank you very much for your time

Hi good afternoon my name is Jackie Jannard I am going to give you a little presentation today with reference to Haiti and it’s urban perspective and sorry I have a little cold so might be a little bit harder for me to to follow through but I mean to continue but I’m

Hoping that you guys can follow me through this the concept that I want to develop today it’s reference to the Haiti and the urban equity in in development and my presentation will be a little scarce of image mainly because when I was trying to I separated the presentation into two portions one

Pre-earthquake and another one post-earthquake and – my biggest challenge I realized that there were not that many images left in on the internet regarding free earthquake but first I want to talk to you about the concept of the planning concepts in Haiti when it comes to land use and and in development

We the land use concept in Haiti are is very is very broad and in its it’s totally different than what we have here in the US and it it varies from the countryside’s to the to what we will call here suburban which is less city oriented and a more residential neighborhood to the

Urban core which would be cool we call here the city and the slums we don’t have as many as well as so much of a broader or more defined concept of urban equity and development in Haiti as it is in the US however I believe that the the

Footprints are there and there’s a lot that actually can be done and implemented one of the things that we usually do when we talk about land-use concept is is is the what what what would what would we look at as far as the urban core was concerned before the

Earthquake Haiti had the urban core that were similar and I was looking for that image because it was part of one of the presentation that I did when I was in school about 20 years ago or 10 years ago what reference to the radio it had a

Very urban actually a Civic core and that would streets radiating from it and we had some parks and some of the concept of it because men lead some of the concept from it because they need the design of our of port-au-prince the urban system was actually this

Define by by French designers so it kind of mirrored what we have here in the US as the DC mall in certain aspect and I was looking for a picture to show that but unfortunately I couldn’t find one so the urban core had the Civic Center and we had public places and radiating

Streets and and churches within that urban core we also had the radiating axis that allow us to have what we would define here in the US as a meteos mixed-use development or mixed-use characteristic where the we would have the first floor as commercial and the second floor as offices but compared to

Us here in the u.s. we don’t necessarily live on the second floor the living facilities that we would have above a first-floor residential with an urban core that would be on a Main Street would be similar to what we would have a nimble Ford and it would be more of a an

Extension of a commercial space or hotel but not necessarily an apartment or things like that the sorry the when we if we look back to what we would call the urban core for for the land use concept outside on the countryside it actually more of a reflection than what

We have here in the US whereas the parts and the certain parts and services are concentrated in our local police and you have the residential areas that are outside that central concept I’m going for the purpose of understanding what we’re talking about I’m going to concentrate it more on one unported

Prince because otherwise who I will never finish this presentation so the so the the lanius concept that we have I was as I was saying with the mixed use and the residential and commercial settings is more in the in the suburban or city living that we have that concept

Remain true as you get outside of the city skirts however when you get to the countryside it’s a different concept altogether post-earthquake however people have been displaced and that concept kind of died with the with the displacement and the devastation and and in the houses on that actually went

Went back this is not a criticize a criticism to four DVDs plan this is something that was actually proposed to the Haitian government when after post earthquake which actually married more of what the the upper left-hand side what the original plan was I mean oh it’s the original plan plan for hey

For port-au-prince for the capital was but on the left-hand side things were redirected and removed and we structured one of the things that mark mentioned when we were supposed when we were doing this was what can we learn from this the plans were nice they were not executed

However because there was an an issue as far as the lifestyle structures and the history of the city which wound up being something that was very important for those people and they couldn’t implement it be for one of the example is the urban village with a corner park this

Kind of structure or this kind of land-use planning would work in most places but in Haiti wouldn’t mainly because the concept of having um smaller streets with courtyards and corridors inside for the prince was not something that was welcomed however if you take that same concept and you put it in

Cities like nakai or occupation which are actually based and rooted out of a more French lay countryside layout that would have worked but port-au-prince and urban concept in Haiti window because this was located inside the Capitol and they didn’t think that it was it was respecting the lifestyle of the culture

Of the of the city the what can we learn on all of this I believe that and what Haiti has to learn with this is mainly the the portion that to build more resilient and self sustainable communities and infrastructure we need to have we need to use our resources

More as far as the human resources capital improvement implementation independence and and public participation one of the reasons I think most of those plans didn’t work was because they were not done with the people but they were done for the people as compared to the US where we have a

Public involvement hmm activity or section prior to doing some implementation unfortunately in Haiti it’s not like that it’s mainly we get to we get to the government get to decide and tell the people okay well this is what we believe is good for you that also costs them from the fact that

We don’t come in Haitian people do not necessarily trust the government so they’re in one side there’s the government and in another side there’s them so they don’t necessarily get to have a lot of input into what is supposed to be done for them or with

Them so I think that’s one of the lessons that and Haiti should learn from from the US as far as the aspect of building and the of using there its resources on a better side the other portion of it is the if if an organization I believe from the US comes

Into the country to implement or show the um or sure the the a better plan than what we’ve used to or what the Haitian people have done or have implemented so far my thought is to not do it outside of their participation but to implement it the same way that they would

Implement it here by having more public participation because there’s a lot of things that we can learn in that research the lifestyle of the people that has to be done because technically there are two portions of of this and whatever lifestyle there is in port-au-prince it’s not the lifestyle in

Picher million it’s not the lifestyle for example outside port-au-prince which would be in quite a bouquet or in the extended portion in the chi or or kya for example and the cultural experience also it’s different therefore whatever has to be said or done is going to be received differently and I think an

Outside firm going into the country should keep that in mind so they can when they come up with a strategic plan for the to be implemented that it would be better fit for and it would be more receptive I think that’s all I have for

Today I am going to pass it over to it’s going over Takeda and I’ve when I went ahead and did that for you thank you yeah hi everyone my name is Niko the t’market path I am from Romania thank you so much having me today here I will talk about

Communist dreams and post communist reality in Romanian grand Gardens and I would like to talk just a little bit about New Urbanism and how New Urbanism could help us to tackle some issues what we find there so about me I was eight years old when the communism fall and I

Remember my dad banging the the wall he picked up the phone and he banged on the door or in the wall and I was like what’s going on a vice is angry and actually later turned out that he was so happy he was just so happy to hear that

Finally the the communism his dad is no more so in our city it was a pretty quiet transition all I remember is that the man of the city went out to the to the edge of the city and they were waiting they were reading something to happen we

Were reading somebody to come and we didn’t know what to expect so anyway nothing happened other than we burned down the close station the lyric being very built it so today I will draw from these personal experiences and also from just being an observer here in the

US and at home so I hope you can enjoy and take home something from this presentation so a little overview I do have a short background of Romania and the communism and then I will talk about liquor booze a year and powers in the park probably you know of this and then

How I mentioned I would like to talk about the case study my CD over here safely is which is a small city this is something that I can handle during this presentation this is a very wide broad subject so I thought this is appropriate to this presentation

Then I don’t talk about but we can learn from each other us from Romania myself so I teach here at Texas A&M University I am a PhD student and I also teach and study do research I usually show this simple tour to my students and I as a simple

Question where the arrow is playing is can you tell me what happened in the US during this time and then they usually by the time I ask this like a third time they may be applied industrial nation and rapid organization so I would like to highlight to keep in mind that by the

Time industrialization and urbanization easil has had a long history in the United States Romania just starting to embrace the idea of both so in 1960s u.s. has dealt a lot with this issues Romania just started the fight so in Romania we have in 1965 Nicolae handling atrocious school as the

Communist leaders they had a long long reign they were executed in 1989 I don’t wanna you need talk too much about their legacy other than talking just a little bit about the Communist blocks so again in 1956 the rural population in Romania was about 58

For 0.7% so this is this is a very high number for the for the Communist Party so the Communist Party dreams of implants of an urbanized and industry industry beside country so if you as you can see here about 34 percent of the population is only urban and then if you

Put it in contrast but us numbers in 1960 that was about 70% now this number can vary I got this from the World Bank you might have find different numbers but it gives you an idea where we stand in terms of organization in Romania so this is again

The same chart but just is showing the population in millions so here we see I would like to bring your attention to here to this blue arrow we have about 18 million people total and again think about only 34 percent of these people live in urbanized areas so the Romanian

Government decides on on urbanizing the nation mother not modernizing the nation whatever cost it takes leaking into it they just gonna do it no matter what they’re just gonna do it and they did it they definitely did it it cost a lot it cost a lot but also people gained

Something so just were pre asset for extra information I would like to show you how the population changed so again here in 1960 we have the population about eighteen million or so and you see how it’s it’s growing growing and this is 1989 when the communism just fall

False and then you can see that how the population starts changing and dropping so this is mainly because of migration and emigration and people like me who came to the United States so that’s just for an extra so before I deep in time into the social blocks you need to know

That local brews here and his idea of powers in the park have influence this sort of housing project okay he was one really really famous architects have found a founding father of the modernist movement he was from Switzerland who later moved to Paris he he has a lot of legacy so his

Idea I highlighted here was to build vertically in a small part of the total ground area so it was a lot about density and vertically up in the sky right influence the urban developments in socialist and communist countries such as the Soviet Union and this is one

Of the model he or the plan he planned for Paris this meant of be cleaning historic urban fabric so this is really important because it was widely widely used in in these projects in Romania he lost many meaningful places and architecture because of this cleansing this is an

Example from New York here in the US I understand some master agency right Peter Cooper Village and back to what the Communists but what did a person who just just like my dad dreamed of living in the communist Romania not many fancy things feel or affordable housing just

Housing that they can afford and free housing was many times provided to a certain service workers so they didn’t take up jobs and housing steady income education house and other benefits of living in the city improve improve living conditions improved socialized so the very common benefits of being in a

City so a very very very simple way to imagine how this happened in Romania is that the Communist Party decided okay beginner urbanized we cannot grow you cannot industrialize we’re gonna create more urban course so the change was induced top level top bottom and then they started building factories

Were in my city they they built like four factories and then they treated these jobs so they invited people to to come and fill those jobs and also they had to provide housing right so the we started isthmus housing developments and people did migrate and from rural areas

To existing in Europe there are many areas so long story short the result result it was that more than 50% of people live and work in urbanized areas by 1985 so you see in 1956 the people who live in urban areas is about 21 percent and it’s steadily grows until

The nineteen eighty five and in this picture is you see of how it might happen so today in communist blocks aren’t so bad but buildings can be awfully ugly so these aren’t very attractive attractive buildings this is for example from cluj-napoca riches but has about three hundred thousand people

Living in there but I would like to highlight it blogs are walkable and streets are walkable housing and the shoppings are in good proximity there are accessible public spaces such as playgrounds parks and they might look ugly from the outside but in the inside they can be very comfortable and usually

People take really good inside so they many has central heating wooden floor they customize the kitchen furniture and list1 and and and at the end of the day it’s a home it’s still a home and playground in a workplace so no matter how ugly it might look from the

Outside people still perceive it and feel that I’ll take care of it and it’s their home so what next this mess housing projects stopped after the communism fall so in by nineteen 1889 this this was done it’s it’s now it’s history so whatever happens today it’s

Very slow it’s not I will show an example it’s housing developments are scarce more like single-family housing is more is getting more common but there is a lot but we can learn from the US so I would like to just briefly we know new urbanism focuses on walkable blocks and

Streets housing shopping in kind of that five minutes walking distance accessibility connectivity human scale right so but also new Urbanists are activists and they believe that physical for the physical form of the city’s impacts people’s lives and they really believe that urban design can be a tool

For the for the greater good and this is something I feel like we can learn from from from the US I would like to talk about a city of order he acquiesced what state are you are hey and to two areas here I highlight is 19 the 1970s here

This block here mayor built in the nineteen Sun is a leap right here it is this little mark here and this one is has been built in the 2000 again this is a the same picture of the 1970s you can see here another one so this is about

Seven acres big usually one apartment building twelve apartment four bedrooms and believe it not actually everyone apartment cost can be between like a two-bedroom apartment can cost about twenty five twenty five thousand euros and it goes up a full bedroom as big as forty five or more for forty five

Thousand and this is a small town so this this is actually get more in in places in bigger cities so apartment buildings are usually four to five stories high so if this is sort of the human scale according to young Gail the five levels are and a bunch of the five

Levels we can consider it as human scale about that is not so it usually we don’t have elevators this fifty has only a few apartment buildings with six ten levels and usually one block has makes the design department units in it like two to four bedrooms various types of

Kitchen and bench bedrooms and after the call of the communism the ground level may be changed to small shops and each building has basement storage so they provide a lot for for people for families to live there and this is just one example of having that shop I’m

Talking about is the flower shop and the life you see one building being renovated by EU cranes people are together they apply it Willie you funds and they renovated their their apartment so it’s not too bad it’s it’s actually pretty good and here this is this is

From us so actually when you look at this too you see that it’s not the difference so this limits use development here in College Station condo point crossing it’s pretty much considered a hub and it’s kind of fancy right so but to me is not very much different from the 1970 socialist

Neighbor at this time so next I’m going to talk about just this new development in that I think he started after 1999 about 232 so as you see it’s it’s replicates the all socialist bloc design but to me it it’s not not as good because it’s very

Disconnected from the city we don’t see that five minutes walk ability to two local shops or to turn to the nearest pharmacy and so on but for example I can send out my little niece and nephew and they can she was only six years old and

He was able to go and buy bread and eat her his her he’s a four year old the history with him so it’s pretty safe over there but I’m here here is not as much it’s very disconnected so I think a dancer that’s an issue with new

Developments so what you learn me but can be learned as us from Romania nothing new really because there’s nothing that Jane Jacobs or other known planners and you know activists not mentioned yet so a development bellum have to be expensive to work and have a library community however if it needs to

Have costed you know please buy new urbanism on your finished or other other groups safety in is ensured by eyes on the street again Jane Jacobs is famous by I just kind of I think sorry but this kind of you know advice so also close ties among people exist there is no way

That not bump into someone when you are on the street neighbors neighbors know each other this is not some pavement pal here in the u.s. block units these block units form communities and the units take care of their own surroundings they beautify and after use not demolish and also they kind of reinvent

The meaning of ugly so still no matter ugly but it’s still home right so what can Romania learn from the UMS we can learn a lot and I feel designers planners you know any along with city officials we can learn design planning tools and new urbanism could serve as a

Guide in this in this manner the most important to me would be citizen science programs and planning that involves the community in Romania the planning process is still tough done so in Romania citizens are engaged in the community they beautify but they are not informed and a lot could be changed by

Educating them and involving them in the process and also to conclude owners could be taught how to be activists in their community and influence planning decisions and also they could influence new and in a very available you know to come up with new and innovative building codes and sustainable design ideas also

Parking is a big issue I didn’t show pictures but that needs some sort of new innovative solution so that would be all this is my resources and thank you so much and I gave it to Christine now you Krystyna make sure that you unmute yourself thank you for the advice there

Was no need hi everybody I’m going to try to be brief since this is the last presentation so it’s about Brazil and our today I’m going to really cover a little bit of my experience in planning in Brazil and how it would influence my view integrating resources and planning

So I’m going to give a little bit of context Brazil in u.s. I’m going to focus on the raziel but we do have very different political realities we start like way back in the history that Brazil was really one colony we had one religion we have a centralized power we

Had independence of Portugal but that happened in sort of three phases you know it was first an empire you know then it was a republic of the United States of Brazil and then with the military regime it became sort of the Federative Republic of Brazil and that

It’s to show it to you that we really have a very centralized type of planning most recently when the in 1988 we got a big victory in terms of you know civic movements we got our constitutional revised and as part of that after 13 years later when we got changes in the

Constitute the Constitution established the city’s statute it promotes the new model for urban development focuses on three main aspects the social function of the city and property so of course I know seems proper to rise in us our sacred it might not be apply here but also we were looking fair distribution

Of impacts and benefits of the urbanization process and also the Democratic management of the city so those three items were really important to drive policies from the federal level so the in Brazil municipalities they would create their own master plan and they will follow the guidelines established at the federal

Policy level if different in u.s. the community participation is something that varies between the states but it is increasing things you had the statute rom promoted and also because we ended up having a Ministry of the cities and later sort of kind of an update for the city statute they consider the

Metropolis statute so this is a visualization of you know how Brazil population of 200 million concentrated in the country you can see is pretty much 40 percent of the population is concentrating to sees in the areas of influence and power in Rio and I just want to highlight when you see here 28

Percent and 11 percent of the population that is based on the way we organize our national urban network so it’s not the city itself that has a population but is the city in the areas they influence and here when we talk about areas of influence is pretty much the

Relationship with the smaller towns the smaller regional areas on the flow of goods and services so the next slide you’re going to see here is it if here similar to what happen in New York in DC but with a much more big difference we have the federal management so we move

Our capital to the center and that’s Brasilia is you should be in Rio de Janeiro and we will be intent of start populating more Brazil because as you saw in the previous map the development was really focused on the coastal area but it comes down that somehow it is

Like New York City or San Francisco but pretty much New York City for us the business management or the commercial areas slight connections are based out of San Paulo so anything that you want to go to the country you come to some power first and then you go

International flights you come to film Paulo and then of course the bus connections there they are separated because they you know they’re far apart or they have north and south and this is just an overview on the national scale so what I want to talk today about is integrated

Planning on three areas to education governance and physical planning so one of the big things that I noticed like I went to architecture school in Brazil between 91 and 95 edging versus some problem and then I moved to us for my graduate school a huge difference that I

Noticed that bazoo have an integrated curriculum where in the u.s. these areas are separate programs so I had people when I did my master I had people saying well I went you the landscape architecture program or I went to the urban planning program and or I went

Architecture program and for me that was a little bit of weird concept because everybody who into my program we had to attend mandatory studios on those five disciplines like that sure landscape architecture urban planning does for design and graphic design and then we had in the mornings sort of a variety of

Seminars and lectures that will complement to the studios so at this holistic approach to education give me gave me really appreciation in respect for other fields of work and it’s something that I carry with me all the time because I think that the more we coordinate the efforts are better

We’re going to deliver that of planning so moving on ship governance so when I was in Brazil I had the opportunity to work for a simple downtown with position program so it was an effort and with for the first time in the city they decided to do pioneer governance now for some

Power I know it might not be here before then it was a big thing and that was we had a perimeter around downtown area and a lot of the decisions that had to be made in the downtown in order to expedite the process because the downtown area was losing a lot of

Tenants we decided to have an executive level Commission in a technical work group leverage to make decisions so we would meet monthly with representatives of the partner transportation department of housing the Planning Department the issue to work that the Institute of Engineers the tourism industry thank Boston had a

Foundation that will call you know celebrate the center so there were 22 representatives of all public agencies and semi public organization to really try to meet together at the technical level make the decisions of the technical bring to the decorative they will all meet the same types group the executives

Of all the departments will mean that they will make decisions and then they would transfer the decision to the working group so that and of course we had very detailed meeting minutes she made everybody accountable for what they were saying so that process was really interesting and taught me you know you

You have to listen to a lot of people one thing that he didn’t have though at that time is in Brazil in the late 90s community participation in the planning process was not required with the citizen statute they become more sort of a direction that they put together in

Each master plan so these days when you are putting together a master plan you have to have the communication in the process at that time they didn’t have it and that really is something that I was really interested in and that’s why I decided to pursue my studies here now in

Terms of integrating planning this is a very classic one that I think a lot of people are familiar with that is the city of Curitiba so the city was really planned well so before is by growing in a sort of uncontrollable manner a master plan was created that established

Structure access where development was going to happen outside of the downtown so is very different from sort of the radio center concentrated development that is disorganized a big saying that he has been replicated all over the world is the bus rapid transit system and that has it was born in the

Concept where you see this map on the right where they decided to put the public transit really in the center of where density was and then in the green lines are sort of the slow roads with slow traffic and then in the outside the next block you have expressly so that

Was really nice because it would allow the type of speed that today we are looking for in sort of deliverable centers in community areas but at that time was really something that it hasn’t done before now I have doesn’t one saying that in terms of lessons learned

You know a lot of people try to replicate what could she bet did but they had a different political status at the time no we were under the military regime was no infrastructure was really sort of the priority they did some advanced in terms of social planning as

Well because you know they implement recycling program sort of as a social planning you know the kids would take the recycling to the schools and get food and this program is to in place so this is something that you know teaches sustainability you know planting the

Seed in the schools and I think this is something that we can learn from them and also the other thing that could Shiva did that is something that we are start doing a Becka table here in a more implementation fashion is there are parks cork and stormwater collections

And not as a guaranteed Accord the water quality and of course with increase of population and then feed the city’s facing problems but when they did a master plan that was the intention that their public spaces were not only place it for our recreation but they were also

Green infrastructure so for their time for that to happen it was a completely different direction that many other cities like some power were taking where you had the power oriented radio configuration of the urban fabric of the city so the next one so continue on the integrated planning for physical

Planning so I left Brazil in 98 and then most of my experience is being in physical planning in the US but I had an opportunity in 2013 to work in a competition for area that covers a very important River and in the city of some problem it was a competition that

Included a variety of professionals including national international designers and companies and we try here to bring back the river as an environmental resource in contrast to could achieve go where the planning was done from the beginning in Sao Paulo we come sort of with the remediation aspect we are trying to reclaim that

Infrastructure that social resource in terms of the water back to the quality of life of these degraded area of the city so you know we had sort of decision of humanized naturalizing urbanized and we have the principles you know of looking at the compacts it creating connections and really are trying to

Integrate and make it more pedestrian friendly and of course we are using all the tools that we have in terms of financial investors that are familiar to the u.s. here since we did have a lot of them American designers are in the company as well another example of

Physical planning and something that is very interesting but it’s a case study that I think we need to pay attention is this is a gated community development by a company who does many gated communities in Brazil however this is a huge development it will bring three hundred forty thousand residents is that

Forty seven hundred acres development but different from the sort of suburban traditional suburban American development they were implementing a town center in this development and because the land owner that was doing a partnership over the developer also on one of the biggest pastor cookie factories on the so and on

The site we they need the best water college possible so this is a situation where you can see and you how you need to prepare just to preserve the water quality because the owner who had a lot of stage in developing this project had to make sure that you had to apply green

Infrastructure from the beginning of the project from the parcel ization of the new town because if you didn’t do that then the water quality would be integrated to the bad quality of water they’ll go directly towards the factory and so you see in this example is sort

Of a micro look on why we need to integrate a lot of our steps you know it’s not enough that you put a boundary and you say here’s where I’m going to bring intervention because this bra off population the kicking off of you know the lower-income population from the

Centers it just adds costing infrastructure that everybody as a community would pay in the end because you have cost of expanding infrastructure so this was a good case and saying sort of a psychical thing you have to pay attention on the impact of your development but because it’s going

To come back to you so how how I took experience of working Brazil on having sort of that integrated experience in terms of disciplines and then working in the US for the past 16 years in the private sector I decided that it was time for me to move back to the public

Sector two years ago and one thing that I’m really excited about working right now is in this functional master plan because energized public space function master plan that really is taking they’re kind of ignoring the you know measurement about no area and quantifying square footage and operations to really focus on the

End user of the public space so before we start talking about any quantification of any measurement we step back and then we ask what we are really trying to achieve here what we’re trying to public agents offer to the community so in order to answer these questions you know where they can go

Reactive where they can go and scape chaos and you know enjoy a contemplative experience where they can get together as a community and engaged so we start measuring this and how it did that and it’s something that can be used anywhere not just presumably anywhere in the

World we use GIS so the way we are calculating is based on the wall shape it’s based on a true walkable Network so with doing considerations or the bridges elevated natural highways and we pretty much divide the area in one acre squares like a Google map you know when you

Tackle I want to analyze this here Romeo 10-minute walking walk shed and then for each square we associate these experiences and we create a supply map they want the USC in green one for contemplative one for active recreation and another one for social gathering and then we consolidate the supply so what

You see in the screen here the darker the green it means you have more access to the three types of experience and we can do that separate as well but then we say ok this is why it’s not enough because you know it you’re not going to

Put a lot of things to do if how many doesn’t have a huge population in that area so we need to save our resources so we also lose in demand so the map they see that has the warm colors is where you have the population density that includes not only residents but also

Workers because this area in particular has excuse and if you ask me what are the white areas those are parking lots those are areas where we don’t have people and with that we pretty much put together a relationship between the supply and demand and that we calculated

We establish a relationship and then we say everything under this number we’re going to be considering lower-level service there the little red squares that you’ve seen the level of service and that tool I just zoom in because we just finished a pilot area the profit project just got approved by the County

Council but the idea is that we’re going to spread out that and I was throughout the entire county in the urban areas so we will be able to prioritize which area has the biggest need of public spaces something different that we did – we actually our inventory magis our parks

The parks that we own we are inventory in the public space that are private on we are also inventory in the schools public spaces and you know the county has other municipalities we are getting data from the other municipalities so the intent is to really work together

With the community and offer a tool and educating and mapping the access that the community has should this public spaces and by doing that you are giving voice to those who cannot speak because they not even understand the planning process Montgomery County one third of the population is foreign born and we

Have a lot of people that English is not their first language so the ability to map things and say if you live here no you are in the admin area that doesn’t have a lot of access to public spaces and not even needing to have then in

Front of you but you can see that I think this is something that talks about you know integrating the different resources integrating the different department not just our department in parks and use it that data other departments can use as well we also can use that tool not just to compare

Different neighborhoods how they are doing with each other we can also compare new development that is coming so if a developer is bringing some development that brings 500 people to a certain area and then we have a list of amenities we can score do the minutes and add to our demand and say

Are you contributing to the lower level of service are you actually reducing the lower level service so that becomes sort of a development with you too as well and we give the way we scored these experiences with pretty much favor the type of amenities that serve

Most people so and then we give them score and then we have implementation strategies that focus on you know using the existing resources the resources that we have and then sort of as last source creating new open spaces and parks but the main important one is to

Try to engage the community from the beginning to make them activists and so our first sort of implementation strategy is activation and actually we have the past four years we have program called Montgomery pop-up where we hire play specialist who goes to the different parks with playing equipment

And sometimes the temporary equipment to encourage people to use the public spaces and try to invite teenagers and kids to be part of you know that social engagement that because of acknowledge we are kind of getting our way from the physical space so with that I think I

Just want to wrap up because I know we are tight on time thank you wonderful thank you I’m thoroughly impressed by the number of perspectives that we have here we sort of traveled the globe today talking about different planning methods not just in the United States but where

We can learn from other cultures and countries we have about five minutes left I’m going to ask mark do you have a final slide with everyone’s contact info I’m putting it up now okay great so I’m just gonna go ahead and change the presenter over to

You so that everyone can see the contact info because folks you’re just gonna for the most part have to contact these speakers directly for your questions I think maybe we can get through maybe one or two the first one here is for Henry hey can you repeat the title of the book

That you cited early on in your presentation oh yes that’s an easy one it is law social policy learning from the British original publish in 1984 by added by Charles Harr okay great thank you um let’s see let me get another question for Jackie do the local governments in Haiti make

Final development decisions and approvals or do the final development does the final Development Authority rest with the national governments representatives and make sure that you unmute yourself hmm okay Jackie must be having some sound issues so we’ll just go on and ask someone else a question Gaeta was

Perhaps the greatest failure of the Communist era forced urbanism the resulting extremely high density compared to today’s new urbanism in the west where the residential density is much more manageable in terms of providing physical and social Services was the greatest fali failure of the Communist era forced urbanism the

Resulting extremely which resulted in extremely high density compared to today’s new urbanism in the West we’re residential density is much more manageable I think I think that force I would agree it was a great failure the forced urbanization because that forced urbanization caused many many villages

To die in being abandoned so many of us is dying and aging you don’t see it when you go to this city but it’s it’s connected and I would rather do something but you have in the past then having that but we had back in then yeah

I don’t know if that answers the question yeah it’s great thank you um okay it is just about 2:30 so we’re gonna have to stop here but I do want to repeat a couple things we’ve had a couple people ask where the CM credits are as I mentioned in the beginning of

The presentation we’re still getting them approved for cm credit so there is no code at this point but you will be able to find it when when we do have it at Ohio Planning org slash Planning webcast and it’s also there that you can download a PDF of this presentation and

We’ll also have this up as a recording on our YouTube channel which is planning I’m sorry youtube.com slash planning webcast so with that I am going to close so thank you to all of our speakers for joining us today this has been really great and of course for the

International division thank you for hosting today’s webcast and everyone have a great weekend and we will chat next time thank you

ID: f6JhvyeeA4M
Time: 1521232407
Date: 2018-03-17 00:03:27
Duration: 01:28:22

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