Title:برنامه ریزی در ایالات متحده

این وبینار توسط بخش بین المللی APA به نفع دانشجویان موسسه فناوری و آموزش عالی مونتری در مونتری، مکزیک برگزار شد.

قسمتي از متن فيلم: Good afternoon and welcome to today’s webcast my name is Ben Frost I’m with the American Planning associations northern New England chapter and one of the coordinators of the planning webcast series which is hosted by EPA’s chapters and divisions today is a special webcast brought to you by the international

Division of the American Planning Association for students in Mexico so welcome to our friends in Monterrey if you have any difficulty during the webcast please send me a message through the chat box in the GoToWebinar menu on the right side of your screen or you can call a GoToWebinar citrox at that 800

Number although if you’re in Mexico that 800 number probably won’t work we are recording today’s webinar and the recording will be available on the planning web cast youtube channel at this address and as I said this is brought to you by EPA’s international division and you can find more about the

Division at this link here and now I’ll turn it over to my friend Marc luis de grâce good afternoon everyone thank you again for participating in this we have a great list of speakers for you today about two years ago at the American Planning associations conference in New

York one of our colleagues who works in Mexico mentioned that the Monterrey Technical College was starting a program in urbanism and they wanted to know if we could provide some guidance on urban planning and urban planning education in the u.s. so today is the fulfillment of that request I’m a member of the

American Planning associations international division which is a division within the United States is American Planning Association of planners who are interested in urban planning urban issues in the United States but also internationally and we have members in Latin America Asia year Africa the Middle East in Australia

Where we try and learn best practices from other countries but we also try and share our experience with urban planners and in urban planning to other countries so with that said I just wanted to give you a quick overview of the speakers today we have again my name is Mark

Lewis tea grace I’m an urban planner I’ve been an urban plan for about 15 years based in Washington DC and my passions are helping foreign cities and governments think through urban planning what makes best sense for them we have Lewis who’s a urban designer with Montgomery County just outside of

Washington DC where is in charge of crafting design guidance for emerging urban centers within suburban areas he collaborates with planners community members and county officials produced design guidelines that structure the shape of new communities and assists with the calm conversations between real estate developers and planning staff during development approval process

Juan Pablo Benitez Gonzalez obtained his master’s degree in urban and regional planning at the University of Pennsylvania before obtaining his master’s in urban planning he received a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering and he is currently working for the inter-american Development Bank in Paraguay and with that I’ll hand it over

To Francisco and Francisco if you want to take reigns thank you my name is Francisco Lara I work at Arizona State University I’m also a planner I got my degree in urban planning the University of Michigan and right now I’m working as a associate professor in the school of transborder studies here

In Arizona State University without focus on the development of CDs and planning practices and cooperation along the us-mexico border my my role today is basically provide some context of the evolution of the planning profession in in the u.s. gonna very briefly give you the sense of the

Formation of planning as a profession in the US and the way the discipline has evolved over over time one very initial talk that I want to share with you is that planning is essentially a post-industrial enterprise and it is started in in the u.s. essentially during the second half of the nine

Nineteenth century it is started earlier in Europe but the Industrial Revolution and the type of organization that was associated with the district revolution only took form in the u.s. around the 1850s the initial reaction of people concerned with issues of help for example public health for issues of

Quality of life justice assimilation of immigrants and also the many problems that were faced by interstate industrialization and urbanization in in the u.s. is what gate impetus to are the first planners or the people that we can identify us as real planners in the u.s. you will look at the difference

The different positions of planners regarding the city and his development we can easily identify four large tradition one of them is the tradition of the planning planet community the new town the country time town type of planning that was linked with the idea of the Garden City in the in Europe

Particularly in England and then in the US what the idea of this type of planet was essentially trying to go back to to nature they didn’t embrace the CD as a object but actually they were to some extent trying to go away from the city and the reason is that days they saw

This the CD as as an unsanitary place a place that was very difficult to to reform and many of the years that they have was let’s go back to to the origin let’s go back to to nature and that’s what they essentially tried to do for

For jacocks in in in the u.s. the order is strong the other movement that we can identify is something that we can call the incremental is perspective of planner a lot of people essentially in the area of Public Health and Social Work we’re concerned for the lack of

Commitment of what at that time we can identify us as planner with the city they day on to the contrary that was been done before they they embrace the city they believe that the city a place that can be performed on feet and perspective that they use to some

Extent what is what we now call tactical urbanism they were being him for example and it was thought that it was possible to to transform the city into a place where people can develop a good life through very focused interventions that resolve the problem of Sanitation this this disconnection with poverty but also

The issues of social justice the issues of poverty and equity that lacked series created by the Industrial Revolution this bill for example approached the planning of cities and the reform of cities using a perspective we can even call very domestic the idea of many of the proponents of this view is that to

Address the issue of hunger and famine in many places a solution could be for example the creation of public kitchens the problem of of sanitation’s and disease that private blog many cities can be addressed through public baths open space like parts and as I was need

To be clear in the city in order to create opportunities for relaxation and healthy activities for folk for city residents people like Jane Jacobs for example is one of the main proponents of of this perspective so they were embracing the city they were thinking that this it could be reformed and

Therefore was basically focused on incremental improving the city then there is in the illness early twenty century a new movement that basically established the conditions for the pronunciation of of the urban planning practice this movement is bliing for example with the city beautiful movement and has certain

Events that happened at the end of the nineteenth century ill intent essentially the very important one is for example the the creation of the school of landscape architecture and Harvard in 1998 we can say that that was to some extent that the first planning school in this in

This country so the emphasis was more on the physical design aspect of of the city there were there was a attention being pulled to the idea of planning the city in a in a similar way to what we do in our time in 1909 for example there was the the fierce National Conference

Of City Planning in the u.s. in Washington DC that can be thought as the initial official formation of planning as a profession we don’t we cannot forget for example that in nineteen at 1909 it was an important year because the combination of the inner plan of the the city of Chicago one interesting

Aspect of of all these events is that for example the general plan of Chicago it was a it was a plan basically promoted supported by the by the private private sector planning after the the first National Conference City Planning in Washington DC become a public enterprise there is a explicit

Attempt an effort to link the plan no practice with city local city governments particularly with with municipality so there is this transition from a private practice that is anchored in the private domain to a practice that is more linked with the with the public domain in this period the idea of

Planning is focus on efficiency an efficiency in the utilization of public resources is also efficiency in the sense of clean spaces within the cities that facilitate them the movement of of people’s and goods is is is as a CD is a space that is being taught as an as as

An object that can be performed that can be transformed using rational principles of efficiency and optimization those it and then sannin as a as a as a practices embrace after seeing the application of these principles in Europe particularly in in Germany and the profession become pretty much attached with the idea of

Separation of land-uses through the use of ordinance and other regulation and series that some different activities so if we be in these three large traditions we see that the beginning the concern was let’s go away from the city let’s reconnect with nature and then in the end of the 19th century

Centuri there is a return to to the city one last strands of planning practices in the u.s. is what we can call the Russian the digital regional perspective of of planning which is a practice of an understanding of language that goes beyond the city and being in this city

Has connected with larger natural areas ecosystems for example ideological basins or all cities as part of systems of seas of cities and in that way the regional perspective is bring into the into the analysis many of the of the principles that sustain for example is this bill off of planning as original

Activity can be seen in in the current perspective of sustainability for example many of the people in in here naisu for example school sustainability are by definition by genre journalists they understand the city as a part of a of a larger system including nature and including order other cities mmm I would

Say that just to finish my participation here that if we try to summarize what are the main concerns of of the planning profession in the US and I guess in Mexico too it has to do off with the issue of being in the physical dimensional cities as the most important

As it was done in in the in the u.s. eerily in the at the end of the 19th century dinking in the sanitary bullet-hell aspects of the city that you that it was done on for example at the nearly 20 century or being in the city as a part

Of our larger system and it was on by the original is and has been done by the sustainability approaches to City Planning and Regional Planning currently I was ever the trend right now in the in the discipline is that none of those perspective is is enough and and

And we cannot exclude any of those perspectives that we have to have to try to find a balance in the perspective that these many different traditional planning’s can provide to the the creation of a planning of practice that is more sustainable the drain equity and at the same time uses efficiently the

Resources that we have available in cities and regions in the world are gonna stop over there so I can give the rest of the finally the opportunity to speak and we’re going to Luis now is that correct yeah you can hand it over to Louise yes I’m ion

As you have tended to everybody good afternoon to everybody my name is Luis Estrada and I smart mentioned before I am an architect and an urban designer with Montgomery County Planning Department which is a jurisdiction just outside Washington DC what what Mark asked me to do for you today is to speak

About the role of architecture within the the planning processes and and and how if in any way possible it works or not together with with the efforts that are being that are going on a number of different places right now and what I wanted to do for starters was to show

You a couple of images to illustrate that some of the concepts that Francisco was mentioning in the beginning about the duality between wanting to to live in the countryside and and and the necessities of city life and going back and forth between one and the other are

For the most part what shapes you know the conversation that architects have and what they bring to the table during the planning process and and what I wanted to do was to try to explain a little bit and of course we don’t have a lot of time but I’m just going to touch

On this how planning processes and priorities have changed throughout the history of planning in the country and and and also how jurisdictions have adjusted to deal with those changes in priorities and our architecture and design can and has has tried to respond to those and and I wanted to use some of

These examples that are historic examples some of them are our situations that happen before planning officially started as a discipline in the country but is important to see the difference between intention and and and what actually happens as a result of those intentions to start defining what are

The issues that we’re still dealing with when we’re trying to use design to supplement planning efforts that are going all over the country I mean you see and the screen is it’s a map of Philadelphia this is the original city grid that was plant that was planned by

William Penn and around the 1700s and and what’s interesting I’ve been talking about the duality between the city and the countryside when the when the grid was planned originally the intention of it was not to create areas of high density but to ensure that that there was sort of a adequate spacing of

Structures that were allowed for the creation of a somewhat rural community a pastoral situation that would bridge between one River and the other and what ended up happening in the end is that the Delaware River which is on the right side of your screen became the most important means of transport and it

Became the focus of commerce so all the density started piling up on that side of the town which is different which is a departure from from the original intent of the planning effort if you want to call it that at that time so so again note that that that jumping back

And forth between you know what the land forces and the local economic forces make you do versus what your original intent was it’s something that still pervades today and and over the course of time jurisdictions have actually adopted measures to improve the conditions of this density concentrations that happen pretty much

In every city that was planned in any of the original 13 colonies the next image I have is it is from New York City much later in time but but it’s again a city that was a result of the implementation of a grid system and and and great great

Amount of density and and at a certain point the jurisdiction realized in others there’s we have to implement regulations so that so that we can ensure a certain level of comfort and and and safety for all the users of this area which is when the step back regulations were created and and

Subsequently the zoning regulation for New York City which which had a great deal of impact on the shape of the city and and and an architectural responded design a very specific way and that’s the reason why New York City looks the way it does today again you know that there’s

There’s that sort of like working together between city jurisdictions and and as an entity that establishes need and architecture as a discipline that responds to them and later on and the greater part of 20th century that’s when the urban sprawl happened and and and planning priorities which were

Completely different at this point in time pointed in a completely different direction and in many ways this is so sort of a return to that that original notion of of the past role and that every resident wants to have its own piece of land and and I’ve had great

Deal of implications in the architectural production now the production of single-family homes became important and and because of the the predominance of the car and the in this segment of the country’s history then the majority of the architecture started focusing on on vehicles and the pedestrian became a second thought again

Going back and forth between those ideas now still working within those parameters we come to where we find ourselves today I mean in recent years recent years we have had a return to the cities a lot of the old city have have been refurbished and there’s a renewed

Interest and coming back to the city but there’s also an understanding that resources have to be utilized a lot more efficiently than they have so architecture has started to end planning have started to look again at the suburbs and finding ways to utilize better the spaces I have been allocated

For certain uses part of the development of the suburbs was about operating uses and creating areas for single uses and because it was considered an efficient way to use the land and that created a number of areas like the one you see on the screen that are located with

In suburban areas but are exclusively commercial areas those areas have really low densities and and and they’re mostly single-use propositions but many of them particularly when they’re associated with with what we call a first ring suburbs which is the first tier of suburbs that occur in close proximity to

The old cities have a great deal of potential to introduce more density and and and to build centers that could be anchored by mass transit alternatives and that could be connected to those cities and then they can become alternatives to the suburban life within the same area generating areas where

People can have a pedestrian existence when you can have a multiplicity of services but you can introduce a variety of uses and and more importantly opportunities for open space so that you can diversify the way you utilize the land away from urban centers jurisdictions have worked over the years

To define regulatory frameworks that allow them to tailor the conversation between design and planning to ensure that the the plant that the goals are established during the planning process are carried through in a systematic way all the way through the design and construction of buildings and and and

What I have on the screen if it’s a very quick summary of the framework that that the rules be the work that we do in the county that I work on montgomery county the planning department we have the county has organized itself over many years of course efforts with the

Community and i sort of a three-tier system regulates development we have a higher level general plan which is a policy document is a very general document that in very high-level terms establishes where do we think growth is appropriate and and and very loosely determines how that growth could be

Connected with the greater centers of Commerce and under that general plan we have a fairly robust of master plan program that periodically goes in and studies individual neighborhoods using the priorities set by the general plan and establish specific regulations for how much density could happen in each one of

This neighborhood and how how that should be distributed so that he can support the goals of the general plan now together with this master plan about in about for the for the last 10 years you know we have been developed developing a design guidelines program that that every time that we generate we

Create a new master plan then we put together a set of design guidance that that basically builds a bridge between the recommendations in the master plans and and the desires of the community in how of density and and and amenities that come along with that density are distributed for the benefit of the

Communities that are host to this new development and it’s an ongoing conversation what what we do with those guidelines and a number of jurisdictions are working on similar tools is that we try to codify the discussion regarding design in a way that it can take and closely parallel the the zoning

Discussion which is our first and foremost purview so that at the same time that we’re discussing where density to go on how the requirements of the zoning ordinance and the master plans are being met we are also having a design conversation that lets developers and property owners understand that

Architecture should respond to those notions in a certain way oh and and and those guidelines forget what I was mentioning they’re broken into a number of separate topics and they relate closely to the requirements and and our other regulatory documents and and they have become a very helpful tool to to

Allow architecture to respond more closely to the needs of the communities within which we’re working in addition to that and as part of the design process that that that we follow we actually we usually provide or establish a number of principles that guide our designs conversations so that

We have a way of educating the public and and the property owners about what design can do and what should they expect from from the architecture enterprise from the perspective of a community member that is looking to improve their communities and and this is this general list of principles that

We usually relate it this is not by any means exhaustive I mean there’s and other principles that are this list is always ongoing and there are things that are being added to these elements are added to this list as we as we speak but the most part we want we want our

Settlements if you will connect it I mean we talk about accessibility we talk about we discussed you know how how the connections that are being delivered by this development benefit additions at adjacent neighborhoods and the character of these connections and and we try to organize the development so that it can

Promote walkability and and and then it get encouraged dinner pedestrians and and other uses to come to the area and linger that’s that’s that’s actually very important we like the idea of thinking about legibility like a disk urban centers that now are sprouting in the midst of suburban areas need to have

A certain character so that they can become significant and so that they can be appropriate to the areas where they’re happening and and as part of the work that we do with the communities you know we discuss what is the area about what it was the history of the area and

How has the area developed over time so that the development that is that is promoted by this master plan actually it’s in keeping with with that process and and and so that the the settlements that are being densified as part of this process are understandable as centers of activity in relationship to disturbing

Areas that surround them and and and more importantly we promote the mix of uses I mean the notion is that we want to move away from single-use areas which is what was promoted by the suburban sprawl and and and integrate systematically in appropriate areas clusters where mixes of uses can and

Live and and and in conserve the communities that surround them and this is this is a quick image of one of the areas so we try to that we are usually working with I mean and we’re always talking about transformations in here the centers of retail or commercial

Centers are a part of the suburban areas I for the most part surfaces that are fall asphalt I mean that’s what you see for the most part and and what our regulations try to do is to allow for architecture to incrementally start replacing this environment with something that can

Support a 24 hour a day activity and and and and and that’s when we start talking about the different elements that are discussed by the design guidance that that we talked about I mean we talk about ways of improving the connections and improving the roads that actually

Going to be you know the structural system of the development and we also talk about the types of development that we need to be bringing so that so that these connections that we’re building can be activated properly and and and after everything is said and done and

This process is take a really long time when when we do a master plan and for any of these areas usually we we assume that it has a 25 of year shelf-life after which we go back and analyze you know what’s happened what didn’t happen I mean where our assumption is correct

And all that so we’re constantly fine-tuning you know how can we address whatever whatever the area needs so that it can end up being a sustainable and and supportive environment and and and the last thing that that is also really important which is actually really difficult to control but what we

Always like to keep in the back of our head it’s it’s sociability you know we can we can build a number of things we can regulate a number of other things but ultimately after everything is said and done I mean the spaces in the areas that we build have to promote social

Interaction and and and more often than not that happens after the fact I mean there’s a lot that architecture can do and the planning can do to promote that social interaction but but that’s why we’re constantly fine-tuning what the conversation needs to be between planning and and design so that so that

We are up to speed with whatever is is the most recent thinking about promoting this kinds of activities because in the end and I’m gonna end with this image I what we want to create our places that are memorable because memorable memorable places people keep coming back

To you and and and and that idea of keeping coming back is what we believe is the most important factor of how a place can survive and and and that’s what we like promoting so I’m going to stop here arm so you can have time for

Everybody else oh and I suppose we will take questions at the end though so we’re going to do yes that’s right okay and now we’ll go to one hello oh I think Melinda’s coming first before I speak I just want to confirm that that’s the case hello

Okay ready let’s have Melinda next and then why okay hi hi everyone how are you doing thanks guys for the time and the opportunity to share as I said I’m Melinda Sanchez Dona and I’m currently working with a few nonprofits here in in the New York the

Greater New York City area but I’m originally from South Jersey and I went to school at UPenn in the term that mark I’m not sure I was a having issues or connectivity and forgive me I’m at the airport so if you hear background noise

My apologies but my am i I was asked to share on like City Planning from the perspective of a community development as well as a community at Community Planning economic development as well as like their social work and aspect which has been the primary focus of the work

That I’ve been doing throughout my career and and I see City Planning ominous and I’ll be picky vac being a bit on what has already been said that I definitely see City Planning as in one aspect the form of urban sociology and where you’re studying people and interactions as well as the mobility

Within a certain space and it takes into account as I said the landscape the history the architecture the infrastructure and hopefully the people a lot of what has already been said in reference to some of the history of of City Planning and how it came to be inside of the the grounding and

Architecture design and looking at how we can build that connection with a issues of public health as well as some of the social social needs have they’ve not always taken the precedence and so the work that that has been done alive in that was I believe those listed

Pointed out to it is in in the work that he’s been doing with the master planning it does take into account a lot of the community needs but that wasn’t something that was a natural product or traditionally a part of the city planning process and has come and oftentimes

It was seen that the city was being designed in the areas were being designed to be beautiful but at the expense of poor people and you ended up seeing a lot of the rise of advocacy planning and now what’s called woven called advocacy planning and is really

Looking to promote the needs of people because oftentimes with the zoning that’s I’m very strongly associated with the work that I’m city planners had been doing historically was used to push to push to the peripheries or put or take a remove from certain parts of the city

Things that people did not see were desirable in their area so whether it was whether it was a blight or whether it was people in the sense of you know racial or ethnic different a racial ethnic backgrounds were being placed in different situations or different places they were oftentimes how zoning was used

In a negative way and sort of giving a rise to the thought of them advocacy planning and is now typically called community parenting or collaborative planning it’s really the vein of the work that I’ve been involved with in that even just right out of grad school

Was able to jump right into and I’ll quickly just mention one development project that I was connected to when I was working in Camden New Jersey which was seeing the possible development of 1.1 billion dollars being invested in one neighborhood and it was a very top-down approach which the city was

Taken over by the state and so the redevelopment efforts were being pushed forth by the state and they put a call for proposals and in that in in depth in that plan in that proposal there was limited room for community voice and the voice of the community to be heard seen

And playing a part in that and so they did a call for proposals which attracted a multiple agencies and the agency that the company that came forth to develop in that area which had 90 acres of vacant land was proposing to do a large golf course and other activities that

Were not falling in line with what the community typically saw in ecstatic variance in the pass and didn’t speak to or and was definitely to the feeling of the community did not feel the respect of what the history of the community was and while it was promoting a 1.1 billion

Dollar investment into the neighborhood the community really spoke up and advocated for themselves and pushed to be a voice in the process but unfortunately because the process was it was done out of order they weren’t being included in the way that Louis was talking about initially they ended up

Not seeing this investment go forward after some it was like a three year battle back and forth and so that’s sort of the when you have a disconnect between what are the the needs of the community and connecting and working with the needs of with the community that’s there and looking at the

Different stakeholders a big part of community economic development is looking at who’s actually in the community who’s working on the ground level and who are the stakeholders that are at play and respecting the voice that they have and encouraging them to be a part of the process and recognizing

That there is a community capital as you’re thinking about the planning process so the work that I’ve been doing has typically been looking a lot of much smaller pockets of redevelopment and the development needs of different smaller communities that would speak to than the master plans on that’s going on in the

City but it’s definitely a process to be you know to create a space for a conversation so that what had happened when back in 2004 through 2007 while I was working in Camden New Jersey um would not happen again but unfortunately that has often been the that was often

Like the history of what was happening in some of the poorer communities that um you know some other more low-income communities that had been working in and so you often see that and so with the with the problem with Community Economic Development is really looking at the fact that there’s community capital and

Understanding that there’s a different aspect the different capital that that you can find there the physical as well as when you having the Human Resources my Fergie was looking at my slide my slides here that unfortunately I wasn’t able to share with you all but my defenders financial

Capital is physical capital this human capital environmental capital as well as social capital that that you can find within any particular location and a lot of understanding of the additional layer of the folks of people from the community being educated into what are those things that they have and what

They can grow from and that they can form into Community Development Corporation and really share the ideals that they have for the community and the visions that they have for their community in promoting it and moving forward and really speaking to one the work that can do that can be done you so

That it’s not things that are being done to them and for them without them and so that’s one of the those that those are that’s a lot of what in when I think about the community economic development and when I think about what city planning is part of the role that we do

And I think Lewis was speaking to this in reference to how part of our role is to educate the residents as well as the stakeholders in the project understanding the process of planning and understanding what they can expect in the process but also helping them share their voice and their thoughts

Into what can be and what they’d like to be because they know the community a lot better than any of us and they be able to contribute through practices even by educating them and incorporating them into charettes and other typical planning practices that we’ve been exposed to or that you might be exposed

To but they have not been doing this they’ll be able to be a part of the probe the dialogue and really incorporate their ideas into into the the larger plans and the and hopefully the success of positive redevelopment and I’m going to stop here and she’s

Feel free to reach out to me I can give you information information regarding the case that I was talking about in Camden New Jersey that I was working on at us you know I can and feel free to reach out to me through email mark I have that

Information that you can share with them I will be on I’ll be on you but I’ll be on for as long as I can I know you know this is unfortunately became a travel day for me please feel free and if there’s any questions mark please feel

Free to generate my email okay thanks Melinda c3 planner from Hawaii originally but I grew up in Brazil let me try to protect my presentation so today I’m going to be talking about urban planning and engineering but specifically sort of portraying the idea that planning itself is a multidisciplinary I field therefore

There’s a the possibility of reconciliation with many other academic and professional field so as as Mark introduced me I’m a civil engineer by formation and then I went on to concentrating transportation planning and I also stayed in the same University of the University of Pennsylvania so the

Themes today my first I’ll talk about sort of like the origins and how just the short part just saying that origins are planning our disciplinary in and on itself also the concentrations or specializations within planning also the skills in curriculum and then look at where the field is going what are the

Goals in the private and public sector sort of like what the new methodology are within some specific technical fields off of planning and some projections of employment in the future planning convert to other fields and why that is relevant as we start talking about making program of planning in a developing

Country and they do a little bit of engineering planning and then considerations for starting our playing program which is basically just a conclusion of everything I presented before so us we just talked today planning origins were multidisciplinary both like in US but also abroad we can make that statement but specifically I

Think that it’s important to say that still within that vision planning in Latin America concentrates in the vision that urban planning still seen as a form of a specialization all only within the architecture field and this was that is that many times also the program is the

Programs are also focused on sort of the theory of planning and is not really a professional or applied field I think it’s something that’s really relevant as the Monterey school starts to project itself into creating a planning program so I just want to look at three of the

Top use programs according to planet I see so this is according to a specific source is not my personal choice I would say of what the best dining programs are but I’m going to plant I see there are three top playing programs right now MIT Berkeley and North Carolina in Chapel

Hill and if you can see is sort of like the concentrations or specializations that they offer there mainly on this sort of five topics I can say which are basically as you can see like transportation housing Community Economic Development land use and I can probably say urban design those are sort

Of like this this five top concentrations in planning which in itself show that planning is a multidisciplinary field there are many ways of planning a city and many agents involved therefore the formation in itself has to be pretty multidisciplinary and continue on that idea some of the skills that accrediting

Planning programs right now are covering this is from the APA the American Planning Association so we can see structures and functions overrun settlement history and theory administrative legal and political especially making quantitative analysis problem formulation in solving I’m making a program design playing into Democratic Society and ethics so even

Some of like the core parts of the curriculum are in a nutshell a pretty broad I would say and within all those sort of skills I want to sort of promote sort of a specific vision within all this these sorts of forms of core part

Of the content I want to focus on the quantitative analysis and this sort of new technology and indeed and how that is relevant and how that also can be reconciled within the field of engineering which is my field and transportation so as we can see right now the public agenda worldwide I would

Say for many governments we can we can talk to about the sustainable development goal and again my main point here is that because the problems of seas are pretty pretty challenging and pretty pretty broad and complex the urban agenda is targeting at this multiple indicators and and they’re

Measure of success in to achieving sustainable cities and communities are again in and on itself multidisciplinary so governments are focusing on on a broad of topics when they are trying to achieve this goal and again I think that a program that is focusing on promoting of forming the individuals that will

Address these issues have to be within this sort of seem that this marketing paradigm falls into place as a methodology to address issues in the city so this vision basic wooden smashing paradigm stab promotes as a vision that if we can gather enough data about how things are being are working

In the city we will have a better understand of what’s happening and we’ll be able to antennae know the few resources that we have in a wise and smart way and hopefully succeed at addressing them the decision that in real time right now we can find out what’s happening across the

Sea and because this is really rooted in the vision of technology and data and and software and hardware applications right it’s really connected to other fields formation of professional fields and it’s important that professional planners have this sort of basic understanding of capabilities or emerging technologies and how they can

Use them to address as many issues were facing today so I looked at the Bureau of Labor Statistics to sort of promote this vision that planning is growing so the projected employment growth for the US for twenty sixteen to twenty five twenty six is five percent not too big

But it’s growing but at the same time there are very technical fields that are also growing and and perhaps are growing more planning so I think that someone they someone that studied civil engineer and later on my own path I I realized that what I went into work was later

Implemented even field of planning I think there many other professionals that are sort of in the same path and it’s important to try to include them in the vision of the kind of role and set the program in Mexico is trying to develop especially in countries maybe I

Mean making a generalization here but at least from my vision from Brazil and Paraguay is that in where there is sort of this television of professions in which people are getting into really technical professions but then later they find they want to find a place where they can applied all this

Knowledge to the importance is sort of opening the doors and try to help students see or see themselves applying all this knowledge within planning basically not be too redundant there’s a there’s a possibility of reconvening some of the schools are you getting engineering with planning and some of this is sort of

Personal vision and also see what other classmates that came from the same same field sort of excelling because they have this technical formation when the country planning school and we’re working in projects because they have they’re mastering the skills already they are succeeding in in many ways but

I think that civil engineering the the formation that you have in project management helps when especially right now when I’m working in in in development projects in US was shown working with VR team projects and sort of I mean that formation is really helping me to stuff published project

Indicators try to work with many stakeholders then the design skills AutoCAD is really helpful sort of the introduction transportation courses that you have in civil engineering if the student is pursuing a transportation plan information also help a lot and of course GIS which I think it’s something relevant in any

Planning field independently or being transportation housing in Community and Economic Development I think a good mastering of GIS skills are pretty good same with systems engineering and in computer engineering and with this logic I think that some one thing considerations that the schooling month already has to have us is to allow

Students that are coming to to them are from other fields or or just professionals maybe not even Jews anymore but professions that once you start a new career with in planning to seed that possibility of merging their current or previous skills with new planning skills and I think that this

Can be achieved by creating partnerships within with other schools that are perhaps more technical so students taking technical electives collaboration with this other schools and and the possibilities of dual degrees the possibility I think that the fact that and I came with the option may mean on

The way I could choose a different masters if I wanted to sort of encourage me to go there I eventually only graduated with a planning degree but knowing that I had that possibly definitely encouraged me to attend it’s cool but it’s really important that the program is integrated with other schools

So then if there’s specific course a student wants to take because of the specific skills that he will gain there and the same time he’s not prevent him from doing that it’s really encouraging and I think that some of the main skills that I have right now

That I’m using right now I’m working for for the inter-american Development Bank and it was critical for me to have the opportunity of taking some finance classes award and while I was and indefinitely that would that were that was a critical part of my formation and

Continue with a vision of sort of like national planning as well not so local is really important to consider public policy and Social Work some of the things are gonna continue to drive planning at a national scale especially in countries where a lot of the planning decisions are not made at

The local municipal level but by centralized agencies that are managing housing across the entire country or for structural projects are across entire country I think that it’s really good students can take public policy classes on time but I think that’s pretty much all of what I have to share with you

Today I don’t want to be redundant I sure we do my email you can send me questions most of what you heard from me today is the perspective of student that just graduating from a planning school and this year but also if you have a specific contest about planning in the

Developing world I have more insights that probably won’t be able to share with you here that I’m seeing every day at work and I think are important considerations that lenders have to have a planning program has to have yeah that’s all thank you very much hi thank you everyone so I’d like to

Wrap up everything that we’ve talked about and kind of talk about how my urban planning is still relevant in 2018 and why we don’t have all the answers and there’s a lot of challenges and for young for the next generation of urban plan in Mexico these are probably some of the

Challenges you’ll face throughout your careers so there were three quick topics I just want to go over before we move over to questions and answers and one is disaster disaster risk reduction recovery urbanization and inequality and again this is far from an exhaustive list of all of the challenges planners

Face today so this is just over the last two years so 2017 and 2018 so we had hurricanes Harvey that inundated Houston Texas and in its earlier stages with crossover the Yucatan Peninsula Mexico and that did about 125 billion us in damages Hurricane Maria did about 90

Billion in damages and as you may recall that went over Puerto Rico and we had hurricane Irma which went over Florida the state of Florida and that was 65 billion in damages and just this past weekend we had hurricane lane that impacted the state of Hawaii and cost estimates for

That aren’t even reported yet there’s still no recovery phase so natural disasters MA man-made disasters are something that’s critical to urban planning in this sense of asking two questions one how do you protect your city from disasters be it man-made or if it’s natural if it’s hurt if it’s a

Hurricane if it’s an earthquake how do you have your buildings built in a way that they can withstand the next earth the next earthquake or hurricane and as we’re all aware the world is becoming increasingly urbanized and the World Bank has put out earlier this year in May I believe world urbanization

Prospects 2018 revision and just briefly the world’s urban population in 1950 was about 30 percent this year in 2018 it’s estimated at about 55 percent and by 2050 it’s estimated that it’ll be up to 68 percent so almost 7 out of 10 people will live globally in a city and

Out of that 68 percent half of them will live in cities with less than 500,000 residents so that means not just your mega mega cities or megalopolises as I’ve heard them referred to as will need help but even small cities of less than 500,000 so your smaller level of seas

Will need help in planning their urban future and obviously we’re all familiar that one in eight dwellers will live in one of 33 mega cities one of them is Mexico City which now roughly has about 22 million residents another thing that’s important is sustainable urbanization is key to successful

Development this again comes from the World Bank publication where it says integrated policies that benefit urban or rural citizens is important sustainable development depends on strengthening economic social and environmental ties at the local regional and national level and lastly the goal is to ensure that all citizens have access to infrastructure and social

Services especially the urban poor and vulnerable populations some of the more acute challenges are lack of adequate housing lack of adequate infrastructure each so you think your truck infrastructure your wastewater your potable water garbage collection streets all of these things that are critical for enjoyment fervor of being productive

Members of society and also this was an estimate that between 1980 and 2016 the top 1% of the world’s population captured 27 percent of income growth and the bottom 50 percent captured 12 percent so again all the economic growth is being concentrated in the wealthiest of society so you have

Economic inequality has increased over the last several years and this was also seen in a report by Oxfam international sorry um so I just want to conclude with with a quote from one of my professors in graduate school who said you’re studying planning because you’re do

Gutters and I think this speaks to the challenges that we all face but also the reason we went into this profession is because we want to we want to see cities do better we want to see people of all income levels be productive members of society so these are our emails so with

That I’d like to turn it back over to Ben and Francisco for questions and answers and we’ll try collectively to answer all of your questions so thank you okay this has been and Francisco will unmute himself and Rina I think what I’ll do is to unmute you so that

You can ask questions along with your students and and you should be unmuted now and be able to talk that or you can enter questions in writing Hello Rena are you there okay Rena saying she has a problem with the mic Meena you can also type in questions using this you you you you you You Serena’s asking if we hear here her end we do we are getting a little bit of feedback we hear you but it’s it’s difficult to hear you but we do hear you yes that is better and we hear with students in our person and we think it’ll seem a very interesting

Conversation lectures this afternoon you’ve certainly been talking about a lot of a lot of different different planning issues for those students I would like to know if if some of you have actually have been to entrees and and if you have I would like to know

What you think at the city we should be focusing on trying to develop the next like say five to ten years in order to try to make this a city that is much more capable of solving all these specific and new things are going to

Happen in the city the next 20 years but he would say hey man this is Francisco I personally did two month or a few times I’m originally from Mexico from from Baja California from dt1 area so I had the opportunity to to see the serum of the Ray and I really liked the

Presentation that mark did then and also what tom was saying because it really summarized the the complexity of the of the city as is an object for planning I mean there are so many different areas as that Mark said the the least that he presented and the least that one percent

It is is not all there are so many more things I mean issues of transportation and mobility issues of housing issues of justice and equity preparation for disaster recovery the issues of economic development community integration assimilation of new population groups the connection of the city with the

Larger region to which belong I mean all those things are very important and complex areas for planners to be engaged and obviously the city of Monterrey it has all of them present which I believe is unique to the city of Monterrey is that historically has had the the

Capacity and and the impact to the desire to solve all this problem using both research knowledge and an institutional tools and in that regard the city of Monterrey even at the Politan area of Monterrey is in many ways many ways ahead of many other cities in Mexico that however there’s

The complexity of the problems that comes with rapid population growth and economic expansion are critical in addition to the fact that Monterrey is is a city that is in the region in the northern part of Mexico that is subject of a lot of different process like trade migration the proximity to

The water is clearly a factor that is really important to to keep in mind when thinking in the future of the of the city planet has a lot of things to contribute to the future development of a Monterrey and the work that you are doing in intact and in the tag and the

Duration of the school of planning I thing is is going to really help to be sure that the future of Monterrey’s is even but even event there are so many of the complex problems that currently faces thank you very much Nellie that also has a few questions one second please

Hello do you hear me I hear you and I guess at rest you yes we do okay thank you first of all thank you everybody for your presentations they were very enlightening and I think that here our students are very happy and excited to hear about what the planning

Career is is working on and my question my first question is since we have here most people actually all of our students architecture students what is the what is the role of artists architects and planners in developing more bottom-up and participatory strategies to promote projects especially in the context here

In Mexico formality and inequality and social segregation I’m going to take a stab at this um Louisa’s that i was speaking and what what we do a lesion in the jurisdiction that I work on I haven’t I haven’t had the opportunity to visit your region but we work closely with the community and

City council that is above us and and and whenever possible we try to serve as a bridge between property owners and and and the communities that surround them to try to identify what kinds of development priorities can be put in the table that they can turn into projects I

Could fulfill a need for the community now now we are unfortunately it’s just facilitators I mean we there’s there’s we don’t really have the tools so actually like create a project but we can we can plant the seed so that so that things happen right now we are

We’re working in a couple of exercises with a property owner trying to identify how he can better utilize this property to serve community needs and and we’re hoping that that is going to turn into a project that the owner is going to be interested in pushing forward but but

There’s only so much we can do to push for that or sometimes we wish that we could do more and and we have been actively trying to establish a way to develop a conversation with with county leadership um so that we can be more proactive with their Economic Development Office in recommending um

Projects that may be beneficial County projects and and hopefully that conversation will lead somewhere but it’s at the word progress I think I can also contribute a little to answering that question and I’m gonna speak from a specific context which is para WA I and hopefully you can provide

Insights to the situation in Mexico I think that in our context there’s a lot of interests with any projects there’s interest from the private sector from the public sector and politicians and within the structure of the state there’s a lot of interests within multiple agencies that work and can be

Involved in a project it can be from infrastructure or Public Works or transportation or housing or municipalities or whatever form of government exists between municipalities if it’s a regional or province of a state so there are always this multiple interesting conflicts and a lot of times the population gets confused between

Those multiple interests and multiple contexts and I think that something critical that we need here from planners and perhaps we have an active role yet he’s provided narratives to explain to the public exactly where what are the benefits what are the disadvantages what are things are being portrayed on the

Media that really don’t represent their interest and what are also the interests at stake a lot of adherents really empower political and and and it’s really important to sort of create the narrative to empower for people to understand what is a real story behind all of this interest and a lot of it

Comes through the civic participation and that’s another issue that you know especially in Federal Way we have we don’t have enough civic organizations involved in the planning process and it’s really important to find ways of collaborating with other planners and with students and with the academia and

With even high school students and young people that are sort of interested in the topic as well I’m sort of this literacy of space facial literacy what this project means for you community what is the story behind your community why is it in the way that it is what are

The policies that affected the way you live why do you live in this mom why is the water contaminated in this area trying to empower people to understand what is the real narrative in their context and then within that recognition of injustice empowering me to become involved in the planning process but I

Think that the responsibility there it’s sitting and trying to show that narrative expose an area if I think thank you so much Louise and to follow up that question I found very interesting what some of you mentioned about incremental projects like what like the power of having a small project

That can later be developed into something else or that can spark some other activities or that have that can have the potential of sort of scaling up so what it like in the in the different areas that you have expertise on what is your your experience or what is the

Power that you see in those types of projects then maybe here we can start in the academia with the students to sort of like start changing the mindset of the politicians or the public servants at set or they even the press of course the private sector what do you thing is

The role of those projects I want to say something really briefly but regarding incremental planning or even a carpenter for example was I met Lerner at some point suggest that is a very effective way to get to the core of of planning as an apply and in the recipient

I feel if using for example in interventions at the neighborhood level in cities in anywhere but in Mexico or in Monterrey for example through the creation of open space or improvement of existing public parks that’s the scenario that offered a lot of opportunities to connect public health issues progressional opportunities

Ecological silhouette services handling or management of hazards associated with flooding the creation of economic opportunities there are so many areas that converge in in the idea of creating for example part open space and and and an also network of green infrastructure in you can see this is something that

Can be attractive to city managers the private sector obviously and also to citizens adding is an area where you can also for example in collision and and and create avenues for the involvement of cities of citizens in the solution of urban problems one critical aspect that

We have to address in in many Latin American cities is the issue of substantial significant meaningful participation of citizens of citizens in decisions that pertain to series is not enough for example to create the institutional mechanism or generate the information that can tell the city’s citizens to become more inform about

That affected cities but we had to be very proactive in really bringing the of the opinion and the energy and the ideas and experience that city’s citizens have about their own see all the cities so this this is the concept of incremental intervention in the value P know who run

Entrusted to like parts of green spaces open spaces and cities isn’t as an example that I have seen working well in in some places in along the us-mexico border and both sides of the border in places like Tijuana for example or El Paso there are a good example of things

That you can do in that specific area I I have two questions work from from the students from one of them is how can we lessen the gap between economic classes through urbanism and the second question is how much time does it take you see changes in economic work after

Developing a master plan I think if I could tackle the first one the challenge that we run into is and Luis referred to this earlier is as planners at least in the u.s. context we’re just tena Kratts we just have our best opinion and we give that to the elected leaders who are

The final decision-makers and the challenge with that is we have our best ideas but if you don’t get that political leadership if you don’t get that political buy-in then nothing really happens I think the as we were talking about the incremental urbanism the the best thing

You can really do is try and educate the population and get them to buy into whatever you’re saying so if you recall from Francisco’s presentation one of the hallmarks of urban planning one of our earliest documents is the great plan of Chicago and that was started by the business

Community who wanted to see economic growth in Chicago so the business community banded together and support of this plan and then they were able to get the population behind it so I think getting the politicians educating the elected leaders and helping them to understand planning as a

Tool that I can help them benefit the city overall so I think that’s for for economic development and I didn’t know if anyone else wants to tackle the second question really interesting how much fun does it take to see changes in economic growth after developing a

Master plan so I think for master plan and Luis chime in if you’d like I think the a master plan you kind of just set out goals and policies and underlying zoning the real struggle we run into is that if the if as developers as builders

Always say the markets not there so it’s not in their best interest to build a housing scheme or build a commercial development I think if you have the plan so if you’ve just adopted a master plan if you have the politicians that support that that maybe they can put some seed

Funding and work with the developers to build housing or to build commercial or to build employment centers that’s something that I’ve seen local municipalities here in the Washington DC region do where is they if they want to see an area develop then they will put their money forward they will maybe build

Public transit system or they will build a government office building as something that will attract private developers so if you have that political will it can happen very quickly if you don’t have that political will or if you don’t have the development community in favor of something or wanted to put

Their own money forward then you could see very little happen unfortunately yeah and I want to terminate depends on the type of master plan that it is I mean if I’ve seen master plans but what we managed to get I’m serious buy-in from both the local community and the development community

To the point that they organize themselves well enough to continue supporting the planning effort even after the master plan is crafted and in a situation like that you have a much better chance of getting a successful implementation in the shorter term I’m in the smaller master plans that that we

Have done community participation is really important I mean I won sometimes it’s a little difficult to get people to come out and we have been struggling with that in recent years in the agency we’re trying to identify communities that are underserved that could really benefit from from putting their notions

And and their issues on the table so that we can try to address them better and and we’ve found that when we find the right tool to get them to come out and and and put their notions on the table so to speak they can really have

An impact on on on the planning process and the other thing that it’s also very important and and in our case a number of communities have learned to use that as a tool very well is that they are there are there are a number of county agencies that have a substantial amount

Of holdings in the county and and there were sponsible for managing them and maintaining them and in some cases small improvements to those holdings can be used to leverage greater projects down the line because a small improvement and a public holding can improve an area enough then you can trigger an interest

On on on a private property owner to do something with their properties and and we have a number of community organizations that are very much in touch with all the agencies that are in charge for managing or part system a school system a road system and and they

Understand and they have learned over many years I mean I think that will Francisco is saying or how incremental this is per the most important thing because it takes a long time to build a constituency that understand how to use the resources that they have available and to understand that there are

Resources available for them our master plan program has been in place for several decades now so our communities are very much used to using that to leverage certain things so they need so to the extent that any community can can start to think in that way I mean just

To sort of develop a process that involves local communities so that they can get used to the idea of participating and understanding where to go with their needs that’s a really important thing thank you thank you very much or that was really really interesting any more we we don’t have any more

Questions for you but we found it extremely interesting and some we hope that we can can be doing stuff together in in the near future but we will we will write you an email on that absolutely rather than doing it here on wide open but thank you thank you very much and

And I think we’ll be stopping from here from Monterey thank you all for your time again we hope this was informative you have all our emails so feel free to reach out and enjoy your semester everyone thanks a million

ID: lB0Ddua5lBE
Time: 1535396519
Date: 2018-08-27 23:31:59
Duration: 01:33:01

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