Title:برنامه ریزی توسعه مجدد پس از فاجعه در شهرستان هیلزبورو، فلوریدا: مصاحبه با یوجین هنری

جیم شواب، AICP، مدیر مرکز تحقیقات برنامه ریزی مخاطرات APA با یوجین هنری، مدیر کاهش خطر در شهرستان هیلزبورو، فلوریدا در مورد رویکرد آنها به برنامه ریزی کاهش بلایا در تامپا/سنت. منطقه پترزبورگ

قسمتي از متن فيلم: Hello this is jim schwab manager of the hazards planning research center for the american planning association with me is eugene henry who is the hazard mitigation manager for hillsborough county florida and we’re going to be talking about the pre-disaster plan called a post-disaster redevelopment plan that they developed in hillsborough county eugene

Let’s start with the question of what factors and issues led hillsborough county to take the approach of developing this post-disaster redevelopment plan in the first place and what what the county was really hoping to achieve okay thank you jim for having me here and i’m fortunate to speak for so many

Others that helped bring this plan together what really brought together hillsborough county’s planning process for the post-disaster redevelopment plan it started in after hurricane andrew 1992 the county looked at a model ordinance adopted it then put it on the shelf for 13 years it didn’t touch it then they they stepped into a

Significant flooding event in the late 90s and then they had some disasters in 2004 which showed us that we weren’t ready for the planning process we had an ordinance we didn’t touch it um we didn’t have we didn’t know what to do with the ordinance as far as addressing um you know

The long-term recovery situations that come after a disaster the um in looking at it and work we started incrementally addressing the long-term redevelopment process it’s part of part of the process is involved with the community excuse me the comprehensive plan and also the comprehensive emergency management plan

And again the county was addressing it in incremental steps and recognizing that it was going along slowly and then then also the county adopting hancock county in mississippi and sending staff out there to work with the recovery uh response and recovery from hurricane katrina yes from hurricane katrina

We recognize that we were not even close to being ready so we started stepping up a little bit on the strategy on how to implement long-term recovery and that’s uh so that was sort of a recognition and then also the state came in and they provided a they identified that they

Wanted pilot communities they were going to provide additional resources assign csa as a contractor to work directly with hillsborough county as one and we would be one of seven communities to step forward and pull information together in a little bit more faster avenue the biggest one of the largest

Reasons that we address the planning process and we call you know and as you know we call it the blue sky planning is that we were not ready to address the loss of all the businesses that could be affected in a significant storm event all the homes that would be destroyed

All the services that would be down you can’t address all the services at one time throughout the different parts of the county and still recover within a three to five year period um so i mean after a significant event the planning process that we were looking at needed to

Increase or provide a better benefit than just responding and the plan allowed us to work with the community to develop a plan to address those recovery situations one of the other things that was happening at the same time was you had several other counties in florida that were responding to

Uh kind of a prototype development uh of similar plans if yes state of florida and the department of community affairs can you tell us how you how your plan fit in with that larger scheme sure and it start you’re right it did start with the florida department of community

Affairs and and there were they were looking for seven pilot communities and they stepped into cities and counties and it was wonderful because we as we were thinking about it and about really truly developing a strategy it was going to be incremental and the state came in and they said listen we’re

Looking at this too especially after two after the 2004 season all those post-disaster redevelopment plans that were within comprehensive plans they really weren’t used after from all those communities so they wanted to see if they could work with seven communities pilot communities work with uh and and take the lead and be

Partners with those communities create an outreach program bring those communities in and all their citizens and volunteers and their administrative leadership their elected officials and really begin a planning process and every community addressed it a little bit differently so um and they also eventually they be in the department of

Community affairs eventually partnered with the department division of emergency management and what we did is they assigned a contractor and that one was continental shelves um csa for short yeah yes and they came in and they um they worked hand-in-hand with us and that helped us move from

Incremental um really a process of developing a strategy and you know as a planner as you step in incrementally it takes a very long time they were able to give us resources to bring the community together for a nine to twelve month period yeah and that actually fit into

Some state legislation that was also on the books dealing with this can you tell us a little bit about that yes and the um and that’s what i was alluding to in the 2004 scenario you know hurricane season um excuse me in the 2004 hurricane season uh

The the state asked communities are they using their post-disaster redevelopment plans and those are that’s a component that’s a requirement of at the time of those coastal communities to have such a plan because florida is at risk and when they went back and reviewed the communities

And and if they really or they use the the approved plans that were in place with their comprehensive plans they found out that many didn’t use them they didn’t open them up they didn’t follow through a strategic process to implement any changes that were recommended they just responded so it was it is

At that time it was a requirement of florida statutes florida administrative code to have a post-disaster redevelopment plan or a redevelopment planning process it is a also a requirement in the comprehensive emergency management plans part of the plan is for recovery and although they all these communities that were affected

Had those they were still dealing with response um and they they didn’t bring off bring out the plans in order to look at and and set a strategy together in order to bring a committee together and address the the long-term redevelopment issues so would it be fair to say that

The bottom line here was how do we make these plans useful that’s it that’s a perfect bottom line okay uh could you tell us a little bit about the process that was used to develop the plan the kind of public participation you had in developing the plan

This was unique now if we would have continued doing the planning process incrementally it would have been although it would have been approved by our board of county commissioners and the city officials and uh and it would have received some community input the state said listen you can

Participate as a pilot community only if if you first go out and and show us that you have your elected body as well as your administrative support so we did do that we we knew that our community wanted it we wanted to step ahead and do something more than just incrementally

Address this issue so what we did is we brought together our administrative teams under the county administrator and we which also talked to the county commissioners and so and they became involved and then we had a a meeting of the of the mines and and we brought in um stakeholders

The stakeholders were from the private uh enterprise side or private business and stakeholders from the communities and and then the state came in the department of community affairs now um known as the department of economic opportunity in the state of florida but they came in with the division of emergency management

And they were sitting in the peripheral or in the audience and they wanted to hear what the the really the leadership of the community had to say and then it was taken and um it was vetted openly and it was approved for staff to bring this together and gave us

The momentum to begin going forward and pull together a community-wide stakeholder group and that’s what that’s what sort of kept the or began the whole process so it was the flags were raised and they said we are going to do this and then they sort

Of step back and when i say the elected leadership and the administrative leadership that’s the cities it’s not only the board of county commissioners and the council and mayors of the the cities it was also the state legislative folks that came in and and wanted to to be a

Part of this this strategy in order to make our community more resilient as well as to address long-term recovery and when we’re talking about long-return recovery they wanted a goal to see that a community that was severely strict you know hit or impacted by a disaster that

They had a goal to recover within a three to five year period not a 10-year period so they but once they got staff and they gave staff the direction they stepped back they became the audience and they gave us direction to go you go out to the businesses you go out to the

Residence you go out to these areas that we created these community plans and you pull them all together and and and see how to move forward and make our community resilient and address the long-term recovery whereas in florida what we call it post-disaster redevelopment recovery which is the blue sky planning

Or the pre-disaster planning process that goes in with your community on this well that raises one interesting question in connection with your plan for a community that has not really been directly nailed by a hurricane in over half a century but seems to know very well that it’s just

Dumb luck for the most part uh well said yeah you have not nonetheless a rather gutsy policy in the view of many people which is you created these priority redevelopment areas which are as i understand essentially an attempt to relocate redevelopment after a hurricane or a storm into safer areas

Can you tell us a little bit about how that policy came to be and how you got some consensus around that so we started the process and we had the process approved and we stepped into it and the stakeholders about a two to three hundred member stakeholder group

It was brought together and there were in it and what was very important is that we provided them a um objectives that they had to reach but we also gave him a sunset period not only driven by the grant but because we knew that these are very busy people both

The residents as well as business owners and so we then the stakeholder group they said well we can’t address this as a two to three hundred member group so they developed and we sat there and we created eight develop or excuse me we created eight technical advisory committees and those committees um

I always leave one else on my read from my list there were the land use committee the health and social services committee the infrastructure committee the economic committee the finance committee the housing committee the environmental committee and the communications committee we have a few more committees or areas

Of that are important to our community but they also work very well with what’s called the net what eventually became or is known as the national disaster recovery framework under fema so it fall it’s nest it just just so happens you know great minds think alike and they came together

Um so to get back to your um your question about um the the priory redevelopment areas so out of these eight groups land use was a obviously a very important topic area because when you lose or when you have a severely impacted area and homes get wiped out because they

Were built to order regulations they weren’t you know the older subdivisions even though they have place you know they weren’t always built knowing the the the vulnerability so we even had some some members of the group that come up and mention well just don’t let people build back

Well you can’t do that if there’s property left and the bay and the sea hasn’t reclaimed it all together then they have the right to their property and they have a right to rebuild their homes and their businesses and we want them to so but the the land use technical

Advisory committee they were saying okay you have these this situation you have a high risk area if you anything you put into that high-risk area it’s vulnerable so what are you going to do so what they did is they came up they didn’t like the terms that planners

Give them they didn’t like activity centers they didn’t like anything that goes along with that what the the citizens the stakeholder group the technical advisory group they literally came up with a term of priority redevelopment areas that evolved there’s sustainable redevelopment areas and it gets into what you were talking about

And there’s those uh and then there’s priority redevelopment areas that we call vulnerable redevelopment priority redevelopment areas so if you have a sustainable re priority redevelopment area what we would what the hope is there’s three there’s three principal areas one is that you know where you’re gonna

Focus in time of recovery and long-term recovery to put resources because if you focus around those areas known to be resilient then what you do is you work out from those areas into those impacted areas so you recover your services now everybody will during response will receive some level of recovery but i’m

Talking about the long term you know really putting things back to place keeping those faces that are in those current businesses in those businesses and putting those people back into their homes we don’t want an out migration we don’t want a change in businesses we

Want what we have in our community so so you gotta wreck it you have to recognize what builds those uh resilient areas so that’s your hub of your sustainable priority redevelopment areas it just so happens it also focuses around what planners also know as activity centers so you’ve already geared in or you

Understand the provision of services it stays within your urban service areas or your focus areas but you also recognize those sustainable priority redevelopment areas there are areas that you’re just not going to let go away as part of your heritage but you’re going to focus eventually and re building those and

And you’ll have higher standards you know in the redevelopment process but you have time to think about that now in the building of the strategy more importantly you can also begin building and we haven’t done this to the best and we’re going to have to come back to it

But you can also shift you know the the ability to even want to rebuild there to increasing the density or intensity into those sustainable redevelopment areas so it gives your residents your community options so if you don’t want to do something over here you have an option to rebuild in your

Community either your business or your home in a more sustainable area the other is so you have one is long-term recovery and the focus one is providing options to the community because they have the right for to build on their property and and sort of work

With it the other is these you don’t want to repeat the mistakes of the past 30 years so you’ve done we’ve done all this community planning after a disaster what usually happens is people are immediately addressing the response get the hammers and nails out get yourself back into place this the strategy itself

The long the post-disaster redevelopment planning process allows the citizens to allow the citizens to come together and the business is to say well recognize those community plans and see how you can work those into your long-term recovery process you don’t want to repeat all you know all those you know the the

Poor planning concepts that were there but you do want to repeat the good planning concepts and you want to also pull in as much as of the new planning community planning or you want to pull in as many as as much as you can from the adopted community

Plans that you’ve worked on recently so that’s the three three levels one is to you know look at your risk and make it better look at your resources well the first one is look at your risk and also provide all alternatives and and then also look at where what

You’re going to do in the future and then ensure that you can focus your your resources to rebuild yeah actually what you just described reminds me of a concept that has been brought up repeatedly by an organization based in tampa institute for business and home safety which has often said that it’s both

Where you build and how you build that matters and that’s so true and we do and they are one of our partners they are um they they are they’re uh they move their headquarters there and they um and they have great ideas and they’ve all and they’ve actually helped um

The institute for business and home safety ibhs for short they have literally helped us uh in in years past build uh oh what i want i want to say a pilot but it’s uh they helped us rebuild someone’s home using flood mitigation assistance funds and demo and demonstrate that

Absolutely it was a wonderful demonstration project great so uh let’s kind of bring this around by talking about what value for other jurisdictions you see in in the past that you’ve paved here uh what can other jurisdictions learn from what you’ve done how can they use it to develop a pre-event plan

Themselves for recovery the idea well everybody knows that planning works both from the bottom up and also from the top down this process pulled everybody together during times of non-disaster to look at the risk and vulnerability and it was both the top and the bottom and how it

Was reviewed we pulled the stake to get stakeholders together but that was given the direction by our about by the county’s leadership everybody can do that it’s important though that the leadership sort of step back and let the stakeholders move forward and let them present what’s needed in the community

You don’t unlike hillsborough county you may or may not you you may want to pick eight technical advisory committees you can pick six you can pick four but you do need subject matter experts and that allows these folks to come together give them a sunset give them a

Time period in which to build a strategy but ensure that they feel comfortable with the community’s manner in which it’s going to be implemented or maintained and that’s very important too the other is is that you’re giving your community alternatives it doesn’t mean that fortunately hillsborough county does

Have some areas that are very much more sustainable is with respect to natural disasters than others however it doesn’t need to be that way your community can pick those areas more resilient it can still be high risk but also you’re going to know what you’re going to do in

Recovery you’re going to know that you’re going to impose maybe slightly higher standards so with the the disaster doesn’t um required so if you hit the meet those higher standards or those standards you recognize the target areas in which you’re going to have people focus rebuild and if they need to build higher

Because of flooding or if they need to be understand where there’s earthquake issues all that can be done and you you will apply your planning process with that the other is again we call our community call them priority redevelopment areas you can call them activity centers you can call them whatever you want

It’s very important to recognize that you’re going to have sustainable areas activity centers or prior priority redevelopment areas or you’re going to have and you’ll have the vulnerable ones and recognize how you’re going to work with them both the long-term process allows you to also recognize your housing needs your health

And social service needs that’s very important it brings in all the components of planning and it puts it around the table it recognizes all the committees that are involved and you should and it allows you to pull that out on a annual basis and and talk to those folks if nothing

Else just have a simple exercise or a mail out and and touch bases with your community saying we’re still here there’s going to be those periods that you’re going to do a lot more in those periods that you’re going to do a lot less but that’s very important to keep

Them engaged even if it’s just periodically so they’re ready at the end at time of an impact and it allows you to have this recovery group it’s a committee it can be a committee by ordinance it can be a committee by resolution or it can just be a stand-alone committee by by appointments

You know at time of the impact but more importantly folks and the residents in the community will have a plan that they can open up they’re not going to go by and they are going to open up and read it word by word but they have a plan to open up and

They’ll have a framework they’ll have parameters in which to work and those are the wishes of the community and in order to move forward not backwards uh gene could you elaborate for us on how your plan helps uh with the coordination of resources you know the timing of resource assistance uh

You know delivery of resource assistance uh how it works with other other local and organizations and state and federal agencies sure the um and i’ll jump all the way to the end of the process what’s and what has evolved since one of the best things about this planning process

Is it dovetails very well with the national disaster recovery framework they have things broken down as well land use environmental and such and housing and we have we have a few more areas of concern at the local level but it can nest into it so if there is

Need and the long-term recovery period then we have we have stakeholders and leadership knowledgeable of what needs to what needs they have and that allows us to directly communicate those needs to the um state as well as to any federal agency from fema to um the housing and urban

Development for instance so it allows for a direct connection and and uh everybody’s speaking the same language so that’s at the the end said impact did happen from a disaster we’re all talking the same language and our community is ready to talk the same language um what it also the

Coordination at the very beginning it has allowed stakeholders and communities and it’s important to keep that knowledge there and our own community we have to go back and rebuild that it’s been a couple of years and we have to bring people and our community committees a little bit back more back

Together and and emphasize some of the things that we uh want them to retain but the whole process at the very beginning has brought together the community to understand what they need to how they need to talk what they need to do and all these different subject areas so they can work

Together as a group in recognizing need and then also understanding those need that need or those needs at a time of impact as well and that allows for coordination internally as well as externally within the community and then allows for that bridge to be made to the

State and federal government too so it’s just a wonderful coordinating system blue sky to the gray sky and then back into the blue sky period great uh could you tell us any lessons that you guys have learned in hillsborough county from major disasters either in hillsborough county or in other jurisdictions

That you’ve incorporated into your local disaster recovery policies programs and institutions well and that’s everything in those eight chapters um basically we divided the book there’s an implementation section and a forward basically in a um a whole planning process um definition section but we actually broke the plan down into

Those eight technical areas so what it has done is um the lessons learned is within those chapters it’s everything that we recognize is when you do have a disaster either flooding or wind or fire people respond and in your in your first responders are right there and then in

Your first human response is to help people get the hammer and nail out and then help people get back to at least some um a simulance or a horrible word there i can’t pronounce it it brings them back it brings them back to to some level of getting to normal

But sometimes you do that incorrectly so the lessons learned is if you have the framework there you can open it up if you have a committee there you can open it up and you can remind the the decision makers we have a process this is how we need to proceed

And and not that it can’t be modified at that time of need but you have those parameters or that framework set up so it’s not just trying to throw some everything that they can pos or when i say they you know your leadership the decision makers throwing everything at

The problem or the impacted area and not really doing it in a strategic fashion the lessons learned is that if once you break things down and you have it on end paper in an adopted format and the community recognizes it and likes it then they’re going to want you to open it up

And i’ll just digress just for one second we went through a community planning process with our our planning commission did and the committee is a neighbor as a area of the county they literally asked the planning commission to bring the pdrp the post-disaster redevelopment planning process he says we help bring

This together we want you to incorporate this into the new community planning process so the community recognizes that they know that if something happens they want to hold on to their standard of living their community their heritage and it’s very important that the community decision makers understand that that

Process is there too so that’s lessons learned if you don’t have something and you just step into response you’re gonna get what response gives not bad but it’s response if you step into having a strategy then you’re gonna have a recovery strategy you’re going to proceed through the recovery in a um

Logical fashion and not and again it can change but you still have those parameters to work with do you have any special or favorite example of a of a particular past disaster that hillsboro’s learned from yes we had flooding um we had a 97 98 flood well we get floods almost every other

Year but that’s that was one of the largest ones we called it el nino grande for the hillsborough county area and almost every subdivision received flooding some of them were isolated what we did is that we stepped into just responding we put pumps everywhere we um

We went out there and just tried to help every citizen throughout the county that was one way and you can’t do that because you end up spreading yourself so thin um the other ones that were after the 2004 hurricane seasons we had again when they as i mentioned earlier

When the hurricane when the named hurricane named storms came through hillsborough county they were really her tropical storms we did have some 90 90 mile per hour plus winds but they weren’t really throughout the entire county what we learned there is that you have everybody trying to work on the

Response you had trees down you have power outages and everybody’s trying to fix everything at one time and what came to that you can’t do that so you have some residents and communities that are without power for a very long time and some that come up a little bit quicker

And that was all good because our storms weren’t that significant compared to other parts of florida if they were we would never have really uh reached the the end um so allowed us to focus in and say okay this that we have to be um we have to have some meaning to recovery

Of your potable water your your wells i mean excuse me your septic systems your sanitary sewer your transportation systems you have to have that all at least have some forethought into it how you’re going to step into it so eugene thank you for uh being with us today and for your

Contributions in terms of all the wonderful answers you’ve given us on these essential questions and for more information people can go to hillsboroughcounty.org great

ID: dRNtT0wIrAU
Time: 1412887617
Date: 2014-10-10 00:16:57
Duration: 00:30:32

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