Title:برنامه ریزی برای نوآوری در مدیریت زباله و بازیافت

۱۰-۰۲-۲۰۱۲ ارائه دهندگان: اندرو دین و جان کاترز این وب‌کست فقط برای مشاهده در دسترس است، برای اعتبارات AICP CM قابل استفاده نیست. از آنجایی که جوامع برای ایجاد تعادل در بودجه خود تلاش می کنند، رویکردهای نوآورانه مدیریت زباله و بازیافت می تواند در کنار ایجاد فرصت های کسب و کار محلی به افزایش سود کمک کند. به Andrew Dane، Short Elliott Hendrickson Inc (SEH) و دکتر John Katers، UW-Green Bay بپیوندید تا بیاموزید چگونه برنامه ریزان می توانند به جوامع در شناسایی و اجرای فرصت های استفاده مجدد از زباله، فرصت های زباله روستایی به انرژی و بهترین شیوه های بازیافت کمک کنند. بشنوید که چگونه رهبران در شهرستان براون، WI، ذینفعان مختلفی را از طریق “ابتکار تبدیل زباله شهرستان براون” گرد هم آوردند. دریابید که چگونه جوامع می توانند در هزینه های خود از طریق تلاش های بازیافت مشارکتی صرفه جویی کنند. در مورد مدل های نوآورانه عمومی/خصوصی برای هضم بی هوازی زباله های آلی مزرعه و شهری بیاموزید.

قسمتي از متن فيلم: Are in listen-only mode hello my name is Brittany Kavinsky and I want to welcome everyone it is now 1 p.m. so we will begin our presentation shortly today on Friday februari 10th we will have our presentation on planning for innovation in waste management and recycling given

By Andrew Dane and John caters for help during today’s webcast please feel free to type your questions in the chat box found in the webinar tool bar to the right of your screen or call one eight hundred 263 6317 for content questions please feel free to type those in the

Questions box and we will be able to answer those at the end of the presentation during the question-and-answer session here’s a list of the sponsoring chapters divisions and universities I would like to thank all of the participating chapters divisions and universities for making these webcasts possible as you

Can see we have quite a few webcast coming up in the next few months to register for these upcoming webcasts please visit www and register for your webcast of choice we are now offering a distance education webcast to help you get your ethics or law credits these

Webcasts are available to view at ww utah APA org slash webcast archive and you can also follow us on twitter at planning webcast or like us on Facebook planning webcast series to receive up-to-date information on the planning webcast series sponsored by chapters divisions and universities to log your

CM credits for attending today’s webcast please go to ww planning org slash CM select today’s date which is Friday februari 10 and then select today’s webcast planning for innovation and waste management and recycling this webcast is available for one and a half cm credits we are also recording today’s

Webcast and it will be available along with the six slide per page PDF of the presentation at wwu Todd APA org slash webcast archive at this time I would like to introduce our speakers for today Andrew Dane and John caters Andrew Dane has over 14 years of planning and community development experience

He has helped dozens of clients with a variety of grant writing economic and rural development projects successfully securing over a hundred million dollars in grants loans and tax incentives through HUD USDA do II and other programs he has provided planning and feasibility assistant for farms industry tribes local governments and utilities

Seeking to deploy bioenergy technologies a Wisconsin native his graduate degree is in urban and regional planning from Arizona he is a member of the American Planning Association currently helping draft the APA’s energy policy guide he also serves on the education and training committee for the Institute for sustainable infrastructure dr. John

Caters associate professor of natural and applied sciences and engineering at the University of wisconsin-green Bay holds a doctorate in civil and environmental engineering from Marquette University a master of science and environmental science and policy and a bachelor of science and environmental science and business management from the University of wisconsin-green Bay dr.

Caters has a broad background in waste management recycling renewable energy and wastewater treatment and also co-directs the university’s environmental management and business institute he has conducted extensive research and consulted with a wide variety of clients on anaerobic digestion and the development of markets for recycled products and materials in

Addition he works as a project design leader for short elliott hendrickson inc and assist in the development of new products made from waste materials at end cap pink in Green Bay Wisconsin caters has received numerous awards including the uw-green Bay founders award for community outreach he was

Named at Wisconsin idea fellow by the University of Wisconsin System in recognition of his outstanding public service and outreach to business and industry and was cited as one of the 50 people you should know in brown county by the Green Bay Area Chamber of Commerce let’s welcome Andrew and John

Thank you this is John caters I’m going to kick off the presentation today and essentially what we’re going to do is I’m going to provide a fairly high level overview with some local examples from brown county and from wisconsin in terms of how some of these things can be

Implemented and then andrew game will follow that up and talk about this more from a planning perspective so with that go to the next slide and you just heard a little bit about my background but I think it would be good just a touch base on a couple of these

Different things one thing is I do work at the University of wisconsin-green Bay as a faculty member in the Department called natural applied sciences which is set up a little bit differently than most other academic departments across the country within our department we have geoscientist chemists physicists

Mathematicians engineers and we do a lot of collaborative projects and I think its management recycling renewable energy lend itself very well to having a department set up well that I also do co-direct our environmental management and business institute the other co-director is actually environmental economist and again I think there’s some

Really good linkages in terms of how all these different things fit together you did hear a little bit of us on my experience so I will skip over a little bit of that but would also say that I do chair the Brown County Solid Waste board

So I’m actively involved in a lot of decisions that are being made at the local level both in terms of recycling land filling and solid waste management in general some of the previous experience that I’ve had which is interesting to this topic as well as that I did serve as a commodity

Specialist for what was called the Wisconsin recycling market development board at the time and in that role I was basically given a budget to focus on creating new businesses around recycling in solid waste and also helping existing businesses expand by creating product lines using a range of different solid

Waste range of different recyclable materials at that point in time we were focusing on things like computer electronics that were you know not at the forefront of recycling at that particular time but it certainly emerged since that point in time and have had a lot of efforts put behind recycling

Those keeping them out of the landfill beneficially for using those things I also had some extensive experience working with business and industry on waste minimization and pollution prevention assessments and again through that process there’s a lot of common opportunities that we see whether it’s a business or industry or within a

Community as well and going back even a little bit further my master’s thesis was on the economics of recycling when Wisconsin which was done right when the recycling was kicking so so with that background what I would like to talk about is essentially a summary of the opportunity as I see it

Here today and I’ve got the term waste on this first slide and I really do not like that term waste I think a much better way to describe these things is really a resource that’s out of place and is not being utilized as effectively as it could potentially be and the other

Thing I would say is that in this day and age we’re starting to really see the terms waste and energy you used interchangeably and one of the things that we can do is try and extract as much energy as possible out of these resources that we have available to us

And I’ll talk about some examples of that in a little bit so I guess the other moral to the story is that recycling is really a very small component of the overall waste management system or resource management system that we have in place in saying that as we work in our local communities

There’s a number of different folks that are generating these different types of resources or miss placing these resources as the case may be some of it could be municipal type resources some of it could be industrial and some of it could be agricultural and as I see this the opportunity from a planning

Perspective is to really look at our communities in general and see that there are some opportunities by kind of thinking outside some of these normal areas that we kind of separate and isolate sometimes within Wisconsin itself there’s been some opportunities to create new jobs create new opportunities and one of the things that

Has happened is our recycling or our solid waste tipping fees have increased and in some regard that was due to the fact that there was a lot of out-of-state ways that was coming to Wisconsin and that this kind of became an economic issues so that the increased tipping fee creates an opportunity the

Other thing that creates an opportunity is obviously the increase in energy costs that we’ve seen and those kind of fluctuate and go up and down but anytime you’re hauling this stuff greater distances that creates more opportunities for entrepreneurial type people to get involved and I think come

Up with things that are more strategic and ultimately more efficient in terms of dealing with these materials so along those lines from a planning perspective and one of the easiest things to do is try and identify all of these different materials that might be located within your particular community

And one of the terms that we use a lot is watersheds but I think we forget about the fact that there are also way sheds out there and some of these things can be used very synergistic alee and you know in terms of the aggregation of

Waste a lot of times it might not make economic sense for one particular party to do something but if I can aggregate these wastes and create some economies of scale then the overall opportunities just increase and create more opportunities essentially so the next thing I would like to get us to focus on

A little bit is the waste management hierarchy and this is a hierarchy of is actually codified in the state of Wisconsin and this is essentially a priority list in terms of how we should be managing the resources that are out there and essentially for my portion of

The presentation what I want to do is walk us down this waste management hierarchy and provide some examples of some projects that have been done in our region in a number of these different areas again I think we get hung up on recycling and as we think about

Recycling that’s really our third best choice or our third best option in terms of how to manage these materials so the first thing we ultimately want to do is look at reduction and some people have you know claim this for a zero waste and that sort of thing and as I think about

Zero waste I tend to think about it from an eco systems perspective where there really is not a lot of waste out in nature and if we can get these materials cycling and get them reused and keep the keep them cycling that’s the way to reduce the amount of resources that need

To be extracted from the earth so I would describe it as we don’t have enough decomposers in the industrial manufacturing system and that’s the reason we ultimately end up with piles of stuff that at some point need to go somewhere across the country there have been a number of communities that have

Done a very good job in terms of trying to achieve zero waste san francisco is always one that you see a literature where they’re up to about seventy-seven percent diversion doing really well recycling organics doing a number of things that will hear about in a bit reuse would be the next option and

I’ll give you some examples on that recycling I’ll spend a bit more time on because that’s one that a lot of people are interested in these days particularly as state budgets start to shrink and so on and then we’ll get into composting energy recovery and ultimately landfills as well so we’ll

Kind of work through the presentation in that fashion so as I look at reduction this really becomes in many ways a educational type endeavor and it’s getting the general public to understand that you know these are important things and as they’re out at the grocery store purchasing materials they should be

Looking at it from that perspective I kind of take a bigger picture having spent a lot of time working with business and industry thinking about what goes on in terms of the raw materials that are being sourced for the products that are being produced by those manufacturing facilities and as we

Look at some of the environmental legacies that are out there you know the idea that we should select non-toxic raw materials to make products becomes an important one we’re dealing with about a 1 billion dollar cleanup in the local watershed here on the Fox River for pcbs associated with paper recycling again if

There’d been a different decision made at that point in time in terms of raw material selection maybe we won’t have that problem again we’d ultimately like to come up with raw materials that are renewable come up with raw materials that are abundant and again as energy prices will have a tendency to increase

It would be good to try and source as many of these raw materials from locally available places as possible ultimately there may be process changes required to do that and as companies start thinking about environmental legacy green that sort of thing this all boils down to producer responsibility in one way but I

Always like to think of it in terms of process efficiency and again getting closer to that ability to mimic what what nature does out there one of my colleagues actually did his doctoral work on eco industrial systems and there were a number of them that were promoted across the

States and he basically went to each of those different locations to see what was actually there and when he arrived he really did not find very much so we haven’t really taken advantage of industrial ecology and these symbiotic relationships that might be able to exist between different businesses and

Industries the second example here for reuse is is a local example to company called Tosca and for those of you not in Wisconsin which is most of you this is the perfect Wisconsin company because they refurbished beer barrels and they also manufacture cheese boxes for the cheese industry I’ve got a little web

Link here this company was actually featured on the history channel for some of the work that they do in refurbishing beer barrels and again they do most of the work for the major Brewers in the United States a lot of the beer barrels have dents in them they need to fix the

Chimes those sorts of things but it essentially allows that product to be reused for a very very long period of time on the cheese box side through the environmental management business institute we had an opportunity to have an intern essentially work with these guys looking at their wooden base cheese

Box versus plastic cheese boxes that they would be competing with in the marketplace to determine which one of those might have a lower environmental impact and some of that is being driven by companies like Walmart that are asking their suppliers and asking the companies that they work with to

Document all that sort of stuff and again I think this is a great opportunity for planners to start looking at some of the things I talked about on the previous slide in terms of sourcing local resources those sorts of things that’s certainly going to reduce the overall lifecycle impacts of the

Products that are manufactured so pretty interesting company been around for a long time and they’re looking at expanding and growing based on you know their ability to keep these products circulating as we talked about earlier in terms of recycling state-wisconsin was one of the first States to really

Have a very aggressive recycling law and this law was essentially implemented in the early 1990s and it was phased in over about a four year period and the key features of the recycling program here was essentially a landfill an incinerator ban on a list of materials which was the more conventional

Recyclables that we would think about in terms of cans bottles newspapers those types of things the way the system was set up in Wisconsin to fund this process was that each community had the opportunity to become what was called a responsible unit and in the original process the thought was that there would

Be 72 responsible units in Wisconsin which would be one for each County if you know anything about Wisconsin government didn’t quite work that way people are very strong in terms of local control and because of that we ultimately ended up with around 1,200 responsible units which begs the

Question in terms of you know what is the overall efficiency of the system when you’ve got that many different people in charge of recycling and so on and that’s ultimately what led to the selection of my topic for my master’s thesis in terms of whether or not this

Was an efficient process several years after that the DNR started issuing grants to what they called effective recycling programs and some of the things that they talked about their or the need to consolidate some of these responsible units and trying to choose some economies of scale and so on so

Again that that’s really a planning situation to try and get people to work together and and really touch on that a little bit in the second half of the presentation at the bottom of the slide I’ve got a picture of the recycling symbol and I think one of the things we

Need to remember with that recycling symbol is it’s really got three major components to it collection and processing is really only the first component of recycling we do need to have viable businesses available that can provide remanufacturing and repurposing of those materials so that we can get them back to the consumer so

If any one of those three areas falls apart the whole system falls apart and again I think given future resource constraints on energy and that sort of thing it would be best if we could plan to do as much of this locally as we possibly can benefits of recycling most

Of us are probably pretty familiar with that obviously the conservation of natural resources is a big one that varies depending on the recycling material that you’re talking about in the markets aluminum obviously commands a fairly large price and that that price is really essentially to offset the electricity that is saved through the

Recycling so really those things again waste and energy are essentially one of the same another big issue that we hear about these days is greenhouse gas emissions of course if you can document the energy savings you can tie that back the greenhouse gas emissions again these

Are some of the things that a lot of major companies are looking for and again documenting that locally is a good thing there have been literally legal dumping issues all that sort of thing so just awareness of recycling programs I think helps that as well and based on my

Experience I think I can really point to the fact that if you do this correctly there can be some good opportunities to create local jobs local businesses and that in that framework and I would point to a couple in the state of Wisconsin one is a computer electronics company

That I actually helped get funding for back in the late 90s there now one of the leaders certainly in the state of Wisconsin but also in the Upper Midwest in terms of doing that and one of the companies that I actually work for end cap was also funded during my time with

Recycling mark development board and they’re taking a fairly non-traditional material paper mill sludge paper mill salads and recycling that into lawn & garden type products and they’ve been a very successful company all of that stuff is going to help us avoid landfill expansions and keep this material again

Circulating in the economic system and creating creating value there was a study done waste characterization essentially of the materials going into landfills in the state of Wisconsin and on this slide you can see the average price per ton from December of 2009 and the tons that were estimated to be

Thrown in Wisconsin landfills based on the waste characterization study and if we just do some simple math and take the value of those materials times the tons that were landfilled you can see that the market value of the stuff that we threw away by not properly recycling

Amounted to more than 50 million dollars okay of course there’s going to be some cost with collection and processing of that material but that’s a lot of money to be throwing in a landfill because we don’t do the education because we don’t do proper recycling don’t take it as serious as

Maybe what some other places do so yeah I think this kind of highlights the opportunity that’s out there as we look at funding for recycling in Wisconsin and this is probably an issue all over the country initially the state provided grants of about thirty to forty percent of the operating costs for the

Responsible units and during the last budget cycle again with the economy on the downturn and funding issues and that sort of thing they were essentially looking to eliminate all of the funding for recycling operations in the state and the recycling community stood up fairly aggressively and said you know

This is a good thing it creates jobs that sort of thing and the funding was essentially restored at least on a temporary basis so we’ll see how that plays out going forward looking back historically I’ve got some programs there from the recycling market development board that we’re available

To businesses and communities across the state to help them with early planning grants for business development a new product ideas those sorts of things low-interest loans demonstration grants available through the DNR and there were also some research grants to try and link collaborators from the University with folks in the general

Programs no longer exists eliminated so if we’re looking at strategic investments it’s now going to be up to the entrepreneur in many ways to create the opportunities invest the capital to take these projects for which is really a change in the way things were i mentioned economies of scale in

Trying to get responsible units to work together and this is some Wisconsin data from 2009 that looks at the responsible units by population on the left side and measures in terms of three pretty critical parameters one is the average pounds of recyclables collected per person the second one is the average

Dollars spent per person by the responsible units and the third one deals with the average dollars per ton that’s achieved from collecting these materials and again if we if you start looking at this with the red bars in particular the average dollar spent per person we can see that that number does

Get smaller as the number of people gets larger which points us towards those economies of scale it’s a little bit different there’s kind of a sweet spot in that ten to twenty five thousand range in terms of average dollars per ton so actually the lower costs are at

The really big and then somewhere between that ten and twenty five thousand so from a planning perspective you know do we try and arrange our responsible units to to fit into those types of categories and can we achieve savings by looking at just what the right size cooperative agreements would

Be for those types of things so that the data is good as we look at some other emerging trends in recycling single stream is one thing that is becoming more popular and that’s essentially where you throw everything into the same bin studies have shown that that does greatly increase the recycling rate it

Can reduce costs initially there were concerns from some of the end users of the recycling materials about quality those types of things I think most of those have been alleviated based on having a number of single stream material recovery facilities across the country doing a very good job and I’ll

Show you an example of that in Northeast Wisconsin in a second a couple other things would be going beyond this blue bin and essentially trying to work together an integrated approach to look at trash and recycling and how we can make these things work together again some of the sorting that’s

Available how do we quantify these resources becomes really important and from a financial standpoint there’s been people that have obviously implemented what’s called pay as you throw where the more garbage you have the greater the cost for disposing of that garbage another term for that would be volume-based fees so again I think

There’s a number of different ways where people are thinking outside the box and how we manage all these different materials and these things will become more common as everybody’s looking to achieve more efficiencies the other key thing I see going forward is the need for intergovernmental or inter-government cooperation where by

Working together you can achieve some savings through joint contracting joint offering of services joint outreach in terms of Education those sorts of things in order to do that you really need to have some strong political leaders and you need to develop some very strong local agreements to make sure that

Everybody is essentially protected because the worst thing you want to have is garbage starting to pile up and we’ve seen some examples of that globally when garbage workers have went on strike and Italy and and so on so that that’s not a good scenario so you need to make sure

That everybody can work together we have a reliable system in place a couple other opportunities that are out there and these would again kind of fall under this non-traditional recyclable category one is construction and demolition debris and we’ve seen a huge increase in not only the amount of this material

That’s being recycled but some of the creativity in the ways that these materials can be used so this can prolong a landfill pretty pretty substantially because these materials do typically make up a fairly high percentage of the materials that go to landfill again some of the top materials

Would typically be shingles which could be recycled back into asphalt could you use for a number of different things untreated wood again if I can take that untreated wood and turn it into you know a landscape type product or I can turn it into a energy product a little bit

Further down the hierarchy there’s plenty of opportunities there same thing with concrete brick that sort of thing turning them back into aggregate and so on and the other big opportunity is really organics recycling and andrew is going to spend the firm time talking about this so I don’t want

To take all his thunder but there are some real opportunities there as well and those could be both for organic type products or it could be for energy recovery as well this is one example here of a composting project that was done in the city of Appleton and this

One is a little bit out of the ordinary and the fact that they were taking bio solids generated at the local wastewater treatment plant and combining those with yard waste it was collected in the community in this case they were using some of that material to cap the

Landfill but the opportunity does exist to turn this into value-added products that can be sold in the marketplace and again I would throw out end cap as an example they’re taking milorganite from the City of Milwaukee blending it in with some of the paper no residuals and

Producing products of Erica are sold you know commercial EMS also in the professional markets so on the left you can kind of see a picture of the greater composting pad there’s farm water collection basin that you see on the right side of that picture and the picture on the right basically

Represents some of the wind rose and the composting contractor that worked on this project is also doing a lot of food waste composting for some of the larger big-box stores in in Wisconsin as well this brings us to landfills and again at some point there’s still going to be a

Need for landfills no matter what we do on most of this other stuff so having a good strategic landfill system in places is actually a very good thing and there’s really been a trend away from publicly on landfills to more privately on landfills and in Wisconsin there’s

Just a handful of publicly on landfills that exists at this point in time almost the big players on the private side of come in and taken up a lot of that business but what does happen in that scenario is that landfills get larger and we can look at that a couple

Different ways one way is you know that there’s nimby associated with trying to cite these facilities but the other thing we see is that there’s greater opportunities for energy recovery to take advantage of the anaerobic digestion process that actually occurs in these landfills so that’s potentially

A good thing to produce some green power one of the potential issues that that I kind of grapple with as a chair of a county sideways board is the fact that if we lose the municipal landfills we might also lose some of the other services that go along with the

Municipal landfill and that could include some of the educational activities that go on it also could include some other ancillary services like household hazardous waste facilities which are keeping that material out of the landfill you’re keeping that material out of wastewater treatment plants and again a lot of that

Is funded through a small diversion from the landfill tipping fees so again thinking more broadly from a community standpoint if you lose the landfill you’re probably not getting back into the landfill business and you may lose some of these other services in your community that might be very important

At this point I’d like to talk about Brown County because I think it is a very interesting story and the brown county solid waste department was actually formed back in the early 70s and it was formed at the request of municipalities within the county and most of the municipalities at that point

In time where incinerating their municipal solid waste this is about the point in time when the Clean Air Act and some of the clean air act amendments were being proposed and implemented so the incinerators were being shut down and the brown county saw way is basically for basically formed as a

Enterprise Fund which means that you know no tax dollars are collected for the operation of waste management in Brown County which is which is a good thing and at that point in time what the county did is constructed to sanitary engineered landfills and these are really the first two engineered

Landfills in the state of Wisconsin back in 75 76 so that’s one of other interesting things as we think about waste management this is still a relatively new emerging field or still learning things every day around not only land filling but recycling processing that sort of thing with the

Passage of the recycling law in the state of Wisconsin a dual stream recycling system was implemented by the county in 1992 and that system worked very well for a long period of time 1998 we did construct a household hazardous waste facility which collects you know well over a million pounds of household

Hazardous waste every year again keeping that from being flushed down the drain and getting the waterways keeping it out of the landfill and at this point that facility now coordinates with outagamie in Winnebago counties which are two adjoining counties to Brown County which leads us to the next part of the story

As we started seeing competition from the private sector the counties essentially realized that one of the best ways for them to remain competitive and stay in the landfill business was to work collaboratively so they formed what they called the bowl agreement Brown outagamie Winnebago in 2002 and signed a

۲۵ year contract at that point in time to work collaboratively on solid waste services so from Brown County standpoint our landfills basically closed in the early 2000s which meant that all of the waste from brown county was ultimately going to get transported to landfills in audi gaming in Winnebago County so we

Constructed a transfer station to more efficiently haul that material to those other facilities collectively we constructed a single stream murph in 2009 and gas to energy at the close landfills to try and recover some of that valuable methane and use that to produce electricity and at this point we’re working on extending contracts

With the municipalities in our region with the intent that Brown County will be constructing a new landfill in 2018 2019 at which point in time all of the waste from out of gamey County and when a bag o County will be shipped up to Brown County so again you can see with a

Long term contract like this you need to have something very solid that’s going to withstand the test of time it’s going to have to withstand changes in political wills elections all that sort of stuff to make sure that everybody’s comfortable with this process at the end of the day this collaborative has saved

A fair amount of money for each of the different County so it’s been a win-win for everybody this is a picture of the single stream recycling facility that was constructed as a little over ten million dollars for the facility and the facility’s been operating very well you can see that we actually receive

An award from the south ways Association of North America for the operation of the facility and I think more than that it’s just the ability of the communities to cooperate and collaborate that was fairly innovative that also added to the credibility and the merits of this award

As we work our way down the hierarchy the next option would be incineration or combustion and we’ve had a fairly interesting situation occur in Brown County we do have a fairly active tribe in the region the Oneida tribe of Indians and they have a business development arm that looks at creating

Opportunities one of the opportunities that they focused on was the construction of a gasification project in Green Bay the intent was they were going to use about a hundred and fifty tons per day of municipal solid waste and if you think it’s hard to cite a landfill you should try and site an

Incinerator and they again there’s a lot of discussion in terms of whether it’s an incinerator a gasifier pyrolysis there’s some subtle differences between what that means and how the process operates but from the general public’s perception it is an incinerator and that’s the way it’s been portrayed at

Least by that group as we look at this from a county planning perspective the issue for us was that group was ultimately probably going to go after some of our customers which would lead to a potential reduction in the amount of solid waste that we had available to

Contribute to the bowl agreement and within that contract if we fell below certain thresholds in terms of tons generated there were penalties that needed to be paid to make sure that the overall system could maintain the efficiencies so there were a huge number of discussions and you know the thought

Is if it’s not this project there’s going to be other projects like that down the line we’re going to have to deal with the same sort of issues and we don’t necessarily want to be in the landfill business forever we think some of these other opportunities are great

But understanding this can have a huge impact on long-term planning and solid waste management in general was something that really kind of came to the forefront and it us as a region really look at what is our long-term saw waste management plan you know out 10 20 30 years do we want

To be incinerating which is lower you know on the hierarchy than recycling how do we get people to reduce and reuse and recycle so that we don’t have to incinerate the stuff in the first place so those are all big issues that it were generated because of the fact that this

Project is probably going ahead in our region so the opportunities as I see it integrated saw waste management is really going to be a big focus in a lot of different areas and it’s a tremendous use of resources it’s trying this opportunity to potentially recover some of these resources so thinking about it

In that regard is important the other thing I would say is as I noted on the first couple slides this isn’t just a municipal solid waste issue this is a waste stream issue in a way shed issue for every community so looking at this beyond just municipal solid waste is is

Really important and it’s going to become even more important as we need to achieve some of these efficiencies by municipalities maybe it’s efficiencies by business and industry to remain cost competitive so all of these things are really going to cause people to start reviewing this stuff in much more detail

Again it could lead to program changes that could lead to allow different things it could lead to consolidation and in some cases it may lead to program elimination completely so a couple other examples I want to provide in terms of this integrative approach and one is a

Group that we called the brown county waste transformation initiative and this was essentially formed because of some water quality issues that we have in the region and some of those water quality issues are directly waste related so for those of you not familiar with green bay besides seeing cheese on people’s heads

Of football games some people refer to us as the very element of Wisconsin because we have about forty four percent of all the cows in a seven-county region surrounding Brown County we also have a number of meat packers rendering facilities wastewater treatment plants paper mills and all of these facilities

Are generating organic materials that they need to deal with and the cost of generating and managing those materials has gone up and up over time so they were looking at some other alternatives so what ultimately happened is they pull the group together kinda to focus on what

Could be done to maybe mitigate some of these environmental impacts associated with the way we’re managing materials now the other thing from a planning perspective is there were some conflicts between urban sprawl urban expansion and agriculture and those sorts of things that also proved to be pretty important

You know air quality odor issues people in the communities suburbs were worried about groundwater quality issues associated with pathogens and so on from manures the surface water issue obviously nutrients was creating a problem Fox River is being looked at for TMDL total maximum daily load so there’s going to be major investments required

By the wastewater treatment plants to cut phosphorous yet most of the phosphorous is coming from Nonpoint pollution based on the data we’ve seen so so again really a big management planning exercise so we thought there’d be better opportunities to manage these materials we pulled together a group of

Stakeholders and is a fairly interesting group and it was essentially led by the brown county land conservation department also thought was initially this is going to be a manure driven project because that’s where a lot of the nonpoint issues are coming from ultimately we pulled in a couple different sewage districts from Green

Bay and Appleton who again we’re going to be either the beneficiaries or potentially having to make some strategic investments of some of the activities that occurred we had two of the meatpackers that sat down at the table these are competitors so it’s kind of rare that you know you get some

Competitors trying to work together rendering facility egg ventures is a fertilizer company that basically works directly with the farmers dannon and Janssen owns quarry so they need materials for reclamation projects FICO endcap two separate companies one company figo makes fertilizer equivalent for scotts and things like that so the

Thought was maybe we take all this organic material and create a locally generated fertilizer product and then encap potentially might be able to sell that product in and some of their existing materials and so on and then we also have University and DNR sitting at the table as well

Because of because of that ultimately we were able to generate about 250,000 dollars from the stakeholders we did also get some external grant funding to provide some other ancillary type research needs for the project and the consensus with this project all along was that there were kind of going to be

On ramps and off ramps and not everybody had to be tied to this project forever and at some point if the project didn’t make sense people were free to go out and explore their own opportunities and one example of that was American foods group which basically went out and

Constructed their own anaerobic digester because they thought that made the most sense to them and you know they were really educated on anaerobic digesters and some of these opportunities through sitting at the table of these other folks today they’re actually taking waste materials from their competitor

And putting it into the same digester so again this would have been unheard of you know five years ago this type of cooperation the other thing that’s happened is the sewage district in town will be doing a major upgrade and one of the things that they have talked about

From a planning process is they do a great job of treating the materials because of that maybe they should be thought of as an economic engine for the community so if I move into the region I know that my water and wastewater needs are taken care of and one of the options

That was discussed was could they take those bio solids could be compost and could they put them into other value-added products through some of the local partnerships that were created through this process so at the end of the day we had a couple of different projects that were put into the ground

Multi-million dollar projects and I think from my perspective one of the more valuable things is that we actually got the different members in the community that we’re all dealing with the same problem around the table together and I think the relationships that were developed between those different companies will will last for a

Long time I think we’ll see a lot of other results come out of the project similar to that Dane County also recently put in a centralized manure digester and again it was a water quality issue there as well where they’re looking at phosphorus removal and in this case they put together a

Project or three different dairy farms in the waunakee area all contributed their manure to a centralized the i gestured facility so this is the first one in Wisconsin there are a couple other ones tillamook up in Oregon had a centralized digester but again the opportunity exists here to take the farm

Manure and also take some waste waters from some other industries within the region in this case high-strength wastewater from food processors and convert that into an energy opportunity so again thinking outside the box a little bit in terms of how we look at planning and how we look at dealing with

These waste materials the final thing I would add is do not forget to look to some local resources that are available on our case the University of wisconsin-green Bay does a lot of work in this area we’ve got full of undergraduate and graduate programs that can provide a lot of legwork for these

Types of projects and I’ve got a video clip at the bottom that it’s about five minutes long basically shows some of the things that have happened collaboratively between uw-green Bay fecal and end cap in terms of helping them with product development so on some so that that’s been a great opportunity

To get everybody essentially on the same page and going towards the towards the same goal so if you have questions for me my contact information is here and at this point in time I’m going to turn it over to Andrew Dane who may give you more of a planners perspective on this

As opposed to a technology perspective okay hello everyone my name is Sandra Dana and I guess before I get started here like to thank dr. John for a real nice presentation I think John does a really good job of summarizing not only the waste management opportunities recycling opportunities out there but as

He’s talking about the different case studies and his work with Baron count with the brown county waste transformation initiative and some of his other projects it really underscores the importance of good planning and a lot of this a lot of times projects that he’s involved with and it’s interesting

To hear about how he’s been able to bring different types of stakeholders together to it you know look at waste from different different perspective and identify opportunities where maybe there weren’t those opportunities weren’t recognized before so what i thought i would do give a little bit of background i think you

Already got my background really i’m coming at this work most recently spent a majority my career doing local planning at the county at the city and county level and then more recently with private consulting firm here and had the opportunity to do a number of feasibility studies and planning studies

For a variety of ways to energy opportunities and renewable energy opportunities over the last couple years john and i are currently working doing a pre-feasibility study to look at potential waste energy opportunities for an organics recycling project for a client and talk a little bit about that

It so the outline of my talk was is probably just going backwards a little bit and drilling down into one of the points so around organic waste recycling that John mentioned I’ll try to drill down a little bit on here before I get into that I wanted to sort of just

Reiterate with this slide this is from a EPA a national level I you know almost about a fifth of the waste ending up in landfills being food and I know in Wisconsin I believe it’s the number one source of material in landfills this national slide it looks like it’s paper

So what you know what one of the opportunities there why should planners really care about them presumably lots of talk about there and then what what role you know if we do care about this stuff what role can we play as planners in in waste management then I’ll just

Talk a little bit about a case study without uw-oshkosh just down the road from us so in of what ah you know what what is it talk a little bit about again in the context of organics recycling and waste to energy biogas is a big opportunity in

Wisconsin has been a leader in terms of on-farm anaerobic digesters I think we have 30 35 digesters at this point and now we’re positioning ourselves to be a leader when it comes to the use of the dry digesters which um with which take a different types of feedstock not just

Wet manure like you’d find from a hog or a cow but also incorporate other types of dryer solids as feedstocks whether its food waste grass or field crops any variety of organic material can be fed into an anaerobic digester and simply the simply anaerobic digestion simply the decomposition of organic matter in

The absence of the oxygen and when that happens you get a couple products digested solids and biogas which is most mostly methane and what’s interesting about digestion here as you follow the green arrows across is you can use it not not just for combustion for run it

Through a genset and create power you can capture you too you can capture waste heat use that in the greenhouse you can also clean that stuff up and there’s been a lot of discussion with this in Wisconsin you can also clean that methane up scrub it up to to

Essentially what they call natural natural gas and upgrade that to pipeline quality inject it right in the pipeline or compress it and use it as a CNG or compressed natural gas I believe there’s a project doing this at a landfill down in Dane County right now and a lot of

Discussion around the potential for doing projects like this utilizing different types of feedstocks whether it’s on a farm or a landfill or perhaps in a city utilizing organic waste streams residential commercial businesses one of the course interesting things too is when you run this stuff through a

Digester you also get solids and that kind of ties back into some of the comments John was making about the creative use and economic development opportunities not just from the energy but also from the byproducts so there’s fertilizer opportunities animal bedding opportunities composting opportunities other value-added products that can come

Out of a biogas project why should planners care about this stuff I like this little diagram that was a kind of a result of some brainstorming that happened in the new york state called dare evil 2020 I think kind of summarizes you know just the full range to all the different dimensions that

Come into play when we start thinking about organics recycling and an energy production from organic waste the potential for habitat protection and natural resource improvements economic development and jobs opportunities improvements are related to water quality opportunities to get neighborhoods involved local youth and folks involved the connections between

This type of work and local and regional food system development only think about creating local quality soil amendments and other products to use in local regional agriculture and so you know as I look at this and you think about the sort of tie into community sustainability you start to think you

Know this is almost perfect sort of perfect storm for planners to get involved in projects like this typically they’re too complicated to sort of happen on their own and oftentimes requires a planner somebody their community facilitator community leader to hold these different stakeholders together and I love this diagram because

It shows the school and the community center food processing plant the neighborhood gardens no the farm stand I mean it’s got it all right here is full of utopian vision of a sustainable community recycling or all of it sell organic waste streams so I think there’s plenty of opportunities for planners to get

Involved in this slide kind of is a nice job summarizing that in terms of what roles you know planners can play I think there’s a there’s a wide range of roles you know we can play not just you know I guess everything from holding forums and getting people together to talk about

What some of these opportunities are doing pre feasibility studies you know without the use of a consultant we’re drawing on you know you take the concept of a waste shed and you start doing some back-of-the-envelope calculations and looking at what I need organic waste streams within your city or your village

Area County and great way to build intergovernmental cooperation and reach out to different stakeholders and start talking about about this stuff in the communities really the analysis lends itself really nicely to GIS which a lot of planners are quite skilled at and so it can be really powerful to take this

Information and put in a GIS system and let me start quantifying you’ll be amazed how much ways to find out there dubois streams from lots of different sources when you do that and so you know there’s a lot of educational components i think there’s also you know dimension

Here in terms of just helping community leaders and communities understand what the opportunities are assess the opportunities and and promote the opportunities if you’re coming at this morn from economic development job standpoint and then lastly the more typical low of course is managing and regulating these types of projects that

Often have a certainly doable and used component transportation components they’ve got two impacts and so planners obviously play a role there as well this screen capture I have here was a project was working on when when I was with the University and then into my current job

With seh putting together a guidebook on how to facilitate community participation in renewable energy and there’s a URL down there folks wanted to take a look at this resource when it we we’ve got all we talked about wind a whole range of different renewable energy technologies including anaerobic

Digestion and I thought I would just kind of share this with you it has in this toolkit we put together a series of matrices that can now I think can be value you know for planners community development folks to work start working with communities and thinking about sort

Of range of issues associated with energy projects and in particular anaerobic digestion or biogas or organics recycling projects you’ve you can use these as checklists looking at environmental impacts looking at different scenarios you can tweak these things and you know come up with your own scenario just helps people

Understand sort would it be environmental what are the economic dimensions to two projects like this you know oftentimes when you’re on the cutting edge or bleeding edge of these types of projects they’re public private projects and they involve a significant amount of a public investment and you

Certainly want to get people on board with the project like this and understanding full range of the economics and you know what do the ups what are the costs what are the benefits going into projects like these and and then they can also be used you know to

Think about the social dimensions of these sorts of projects and how it impacts communities and people and organizations and so this is a nice little tool I think to maybe think about doing some strategic planning you know whether you’re bringing stakeholders together to do community visioning around waste and recycling is on the

Lines of John’s example from the brown county waste transformation initiative whether you look at this from a job standpoint these these are matrices can be helpful in terms of having those discussions ultimately you know I think it’s about building partnerships and doing a lot of community planning activities to sort

Identify where these types of opportunities lay and how to move them forward one of the interesting case studies we have just down the road here in Oshkosh Wisconsin is a brand new project it’s a dry digester meaning you use relatively dry feedstocks to create biogas and it just started up a few

Months ago started running that’s the first system of its kind in North America or and perhaps in the Western Hemisphere if i recall correctly not particularly complex they’ve got a number of these already up and running across europe and asia but it’s a real i

Think it provides a nice kind of look at it probably the future of organic waste recycling in around the world you know as we start looking at with organics waste streams more as an asset unless as something to fill up our landfills and john and i visited the site recently and

The system they have down here is a bio firm system and you can kind of see just looking at the diagram there you know that the basic the biomass comes in and in this case they use a different range of different types of feedstocks they’re using some grass clippings I believe

They’re using a lot of commercial residential a food waste I think they used a little bit of manure to actually get this thing up at running some extra yard waste so using a variety organic feed stocks that sort of come in the door stuff gets put into one of four

Different vessels or chambers where it sits for I think it was roughly a well get into the details i get said as I move on the slide here this provides Kevin a schematic and what’s interesting is that where the you can see where the organic feedstocks it decompose down below and then

Blatter bag number four is where the gas ultimately vents up into the ceiling and into that bag that bagged them can the gas is then conveyed over to five and six which is a combined heat and power unit skid mounted system European technology creates power and heat so

Yeah getting into some of the details here with the feedstocks I’m just going to talk about this project a little bit of detail not so much the planning component but kind of give you a sense of what’s fairly innovative project here there’d it’s the system is designed to

Use between 8,000 10,000 tons per year of feedstock the campus interested in enough only produced of produces about 500 tons away so you can see even a big facility like this you know needs to be thinking more regionally in terms of its feedstock base there’s simply even at

The school they’re simply not generating enough ways to keep something like this going right now they’re having a contract with waste haulers that are providing some of the one of the waste haulers are contracting with is a is a large nonprofit that distributes foods leftover food to food banks and fruit

Shelters around the state and occasionally when they’ve got excess product they can now truck it in here and they got a place to put it rather than go into a landfill but their ultimate goal is to get this thing to install the materials from within a 30-mile radius as the project moves

Forward the technology is really simple they’re just for as I mentioned for fermenter Bay’s I guess is what they call them each about you know long enough to put a few semis in twenty three and a half feet by 16 foot d by 70 and it’s fairly low tech the material

There’s a front end loader that takes the material and drives it in there and them stuff sits in there for about a month then after a month about half of its taken out and and then half of its f of it’s taken out as compost and on the other half is put

Back in there and mixed in with the next batch of fresh organic waste and so you end up kind of in a continuous process of pulling out compost and and injecting new materials in there all the while you’ve got you’re producing gas and power the they do keep it well heated

With the glycol heating system within the walls and floors of each of the digester base to stimulate digestion and then as I mentioned before the gas actual events up and it’s collected in this rubberized diagram that sits on top on top of the four different chambers

There they have a was at 370 kilowatt CHP combustion engine just located right outside the facility and then you can sort of see this the scale of that thing not huge and so as these types of projects move forward you know oftentimes it’s good if you can Co load

These locate these things with with another entity that could use that waste heat because there’s typically waste heat and it’s produced from these sorts of projects in terms of the markets for the stuff they’re selling the power back to the grid they calculate when they finally get this thing up and running at

Full capacity they’ll actually provide about ten percent of the university’s total energy so fairly significant it’s currently running at about half capacity now as they are kind of working up towards optimizing the technology it is doesn’t create a ton of jobs I think they’s but they do have a few that I

Think I always one for one full-time staff person there and then several part-time folks including some students and professors does require regular monitoring and testing but they’ve got it situated in such a way then that can be remotely operated through a web-based platform you can see down there at the

Front loader stay on right in front of a pile of compost it just came out of one of the vessels I’m going to close with just a few a little discussion about some of the opportunities and challenges with organics recycling and the notes on here is specifically related to the Oshkosh

Project and probably a little not as relevant to the broader discussion in terms of some of the opportunities here with organics recycling and waste energy opportunities is you know big one of course is keeping the you know keep extending the life of landfills by pulling this material out of the out of

The landfills keeping yard waste and other types and manure and other organic feedstocks out in waterways and out of oftentimes you know you n as folks know you end up with leaves another yard waste running into waterways and which can cause eutrophication of lakes rivers

So if you can pull this stuff out excess where there’s excess organic material there’s an opportunity to realize some environmental improvements and then also in terms of neighborhood scale or there’s also I think an interesting opportunity when you think about doing these projects more at the neighborhood

Scale or the district scale was as we’re thinking about neighborhood and district scale communal community sustainability and the opportunity to take to do organics recycling with or without energy production but when you tie that back to kind of the flourishing market for local for our community gardens a

Lot of communities are having a lot of success with and you start tying in the program where you’re getting you know kids and youth and volunteers involved in collecting organic food waste from area of businesses and restaurants and utilizing that in community gardens and you start tying the stuff together at

The neighborhood and district scale and I think it makes a lot of makes a lot of sense that’s great opportunities are some interesting work being done along this lines down in Milwaukee with a nonprofit called compost kids with that that’s two K’s compost kids if you want

To look that up where they’re doing just that they’re they’re integrating so local neighborhood scale food waste recycling with with community gardens in terms of some of the challenges for for this type these types of projects one of them I think would you know certainly odors and citing issues and any type of

Land use issues you might have but probably even bigger than that would be you know is it how cost-effective is it really to collect residential organic waste for example is it really tense allowed to to collect this stuff with trucks running around neighborhoods collecting small amounts of organic

Waste and should we should we be encouraging it in the first place or should we be encouraging folks to just take their stuff out to the backyard and throw it in a compost pile so those are some of that I think the challenges associated with these types of projects

And so it’s not just a panacea certainly don’t want prison present that view of it but there’s certainly opportunities as well where there’s sufficient waste streams available but it’s not without its challenges I guess in conclusion I’ll just sort of wrap this thing up and then I think both John and I are

Available to handle any questions it might be might be out there John’s pacing behind me he’s ready to answer a few questions so in conclusion there are certainly our organic waste energy opportunities out there and there they seemed as if they’re poised to grow not just at the sort of individual farm

Scale but at the multiple farm scale and community scale as we start thinking about food processing and wastewater treatment plants and and institutional waste restaurant waste hospital waste there’s a whole wide range of opportunities out there a lot of communities a lot of businesses are moving forward with these types of

Projects assessing them and of course all these projects are closely tied to the things that planners do in terms of job creation natural resource protection land use transportation so I think planners can play a key role facilitating these types of projects and getting involved in these types of projects in

Any number of ways and so I think with that I’m going to see if Britney still on the line if folks have questions we’re here okay um thanks Andrew and John our first question comes in from sue Fox and I think this goes back to John I’m early in the presentation could

You explain the tipping fee okay I believe there’s a question on the tipping fee yeah and really what that is is essentially how much it costs to dispose of a ton of waste and when I think of the tipping fee there’s number of different components that go into

That and one is just the sighting of the landfill itself you have to purchase the land you have to do all the engineering you have to do community meetings that sort of things there’s a number of upfront cost before you ever put a ton of garbage into a landfill and again

That’s one of the major reasons why if a municipality goes out of the landfill business there’s a huge startup costs to get back in business so that’s that’s a challenge there’s also costs in the tipping fee that’s associated with the operation of the landfill so as your compact thing as you’re putting daily

Cover all of those sorts of things the personnel and then the final component of that is you’ll basically have to cover the landfill when it’s full so they’ll be final closure and then you also have to maintain that site for a number of years beyond that which help

Post-closure care so you have to also build all those costs into the tipping fee as well and then again some communities have small fees that are attached to the landfill to provide for household hazardous waste some of these other educational services and so on so historically landfill tipping fees in

Wisconsin have been relatively low by comparison to East Coast West Coast again because of that we brought in the tremendous amount of waste that came across state lines from Minnesota and Illinois about three million tons was work geeked out and now given that we had some legislation to increase our

Tipping fee by about seven dollars that amount has dropped almost in half and actually more than half so so that that’s been an interesting interesting dynamic okay i’m john i think this question will also go to you this question comes in from andrea Aldric how do you quantify the economies of scale

Do you have a good example models um again I would look at economies of scale from different perspectives of the whole waste management system so in some regards a landfill there’s clearly economies of scale in terms of a landfill as you look at how many pieces of equipment you need to move waste

Around that sort of thing so we met the economies of scale that would exist at a bunch of different levels within the waste management collection processing disposal so so that there are some examples out there of that and one of the cool things that’s going on right

Now as I did actually get a grant to go in and look at what’s going on and what has gone on in the last four years in Wisconsin with the responsible units to look at ways for us to identify some efficiencies within that system so it’s

Really a chance for me to have a redo of my master’s thesis which not too many people get the opportunity to do so we’re hoping to have some good information on that in terms of which responsible units are more efficient which ones are not and one of the

Problems with that is the difficulty of identifying what are the metrics that you’re going to measure efficiency by so one of the metrics could be you know I want to collect as much recyclable materials as I possibly can so if that’s the metric you know that that’s going to

Be different than I want to collect it at the lowest cost per tonne possible so i guess as you’re looking at these economies of scale the same sorts of questions come into play what is the ultimate goal of your overall processes to divert as much material from the

Landfill as possible is it collected most cost-effectively so there’s number of different ways to think about that question I guess okay our next question comes in from Douglas Martin how much of an adverse impact could continue to inappropriate waste disposal have on climate change in the long term

What impact does the incineration of mass waste have on depletion of the ozone layer okay you know again most landfills now that there’s EPA requirements that if the landfills over our are of a certain size that they do have to manage the bio gas that’s produced so the minimum requirement

Would be that they would flare that biogas and basically burn it off to destroy the methane most of the bigger landfills again are now constructing gas to energy projects to basically utilize that as a as a resource so that’s a good move in the right direction but again

One of the problems with landfills is it takes years and years and years and years for that waste to break down you know anaerobically as Andrew talked about the oshkosh project now that degradation essentially occurs over a 28 to 31 day period so you can accelerate

What’s going on in the landfill and more economically extract that resource in terms of combusting or gasifying waste you know again it’s it’s a matter of you know I teach an industrial pollution control course and I always tell my students that you know one of the interesting things about pollution is

That you can essentially pick whichever media you want to contaminate so I can throw it in a landfill leave it as a solid waste with the understanding that at some point that landfill is ultimately going to leak and then you may have a groundwater problem I can

Combust that waste in an incinerator a gasifier and I can create an air pollution control problem if I don’t do a good job of source separating the material before I put it into the combustor I may be producing you know hazardous waste from computers electronics or all those sorts of things

So so there’s no perfect solution I guess is the problem and again that that’s what creates the fun in my mind of looking all these different things and trying to come up with the most optimal solution with the understanding that it’s still not going to be perfect from an environmental standpoint

Okay our next question comes in from Sandra Day how large is a farm need to be to have to support an anaerobic digester I can comment on this one too I’ve also done a lot of work with the program in the state called focus on energy which was pretty instrumental in

Funding a lot of the farm digester projects in the state so at this point Andrew was correct in that the state of Wisconsin leads the United States and a number of installed systems and the general rule of thumb that we’ve used is somewhere on the order of a thousand

Cows is necessary to do that there’s a really good case book out there of every single anaerobic digester in the state of Wisconsin that was done by an individual by the name of Joel Kramer and that can be accessed through the Focus on Energy website it’s Wisconsin

Biogas casebook and that will give you some real good numbers in terms of the energy produced for each of these systems how many cows they have what the project economics are there’s been a number of different iterations of these casebooks this is the third version that’s out there right now in saying

That Wisconsin leads the nation with 30 digesters I always like to point to Germany and been involved in a couple recent meetings with some folks from there and they have on the order of 7,000 digesters in an area roughly the same size as Wisconsin their populations

About four times as large as ours but they’ve got some different policies in place that essentially promote digesters a bit more but so that’s a long answer to a short question a thousand cows there are a bunch of people around here working on trying to create opportunities for smaller farms but

Again from an economies of scale standpoint the problem is if I’m going to produce electricity and put that electricity to the grid I still need switchgear I still need you know all that equipment and that’s a fixed cost essentially whether I’ve got 20 cows 200 cows two thousand cows or biggest farm

In the state we have now is about eight thousand cows okay our next question comes in from on hill Arroyo Rodriguez dr. John could you talk more about the beow agreement are there others like it happening now are all our use within the county’s controlled that that’s an interesting question so so the

Bowl agreement was really the first one and I had a couple of my graduate students that did some research on that project and tried to find other similar things across the country really been fined very much for solid waste but we did find others that had consolidated firefighting and police services and

Those sorts of things I think we’re seeing more movement in you know at least in Wisconsin in that direction here as well so that’s been interesting as I look at Brown County and out of gamey County those two counties are set up entirely different so out of gamey

County is the responsible unit for recycling and brown county we have about 30 responsible units that actually bring materials to brown county so even within this bowl agreement there’s two completely different sets of organizational you know structures in place and again some of it comes down to

What you know local control people want how much they want to see to the county and that sort of thing so so there is no perfect answer within the system both of them function you know very effectively but it’s done completely different you know 20 miles parts okay our next

Question comes in from mark Freeman how can we use the plan review and local development process to encourage some of the great concepts discussed okay I’ll turn that one over to andrews okay what the question was how do we use the plan review process to implement some of the

Things we’ve discussed yeah yeah I haven’t been to I’d to be honest with you have been more kind of on the developer side of this looking at these opportunities for kind of more on the feasibility side and learn the economics but I think you know one of the one of

The in terms of preparing for these types of projects and facilitating them i guess one of the things i do is try to do looking at the local rags are in place do some type of gap analysis and look you know try to ahead of projects like this and you know

Do identify I know what might be some relevant you know land use issues permitting issues it might be associated with these types of projects I think you know oshkosh being the first one in the Western Hemisphere I said I don’t suspect there’s got a lot of be a lot of

Precedent for these types of projects in terms of you know what’s out there or ordinance wise so not a very good answer the question but that’s about all I got okay well our next question comes in from James licen what model of ownership do you recommend for landfills if

Municipalities no longer will own and run them for reference the state of Maine no longer permits permits commercial landfills okay I might turn that one to John okay so the questions related to ownership of landfills again most of the landfills at this point in the state of Wisconsin are privately

Owned so it used to be about eighty five percent municipal fifteen percent private and because of some of the regulations that were put in place requiring engineered landfill design that essentially pushed landfills to be bigger and bigger so now it’s completely flipped in Wisconsin where it’s about eighty-five percent privately owned and

Fifteen percent municipal e own so again in the case of brown county the county is the person that’s responsible for the management long-term care of that particular facility that same thing would be you know whether it’s a waste management or veolia whoever owns owns the land filter essentially responsible

For it for that close closure care I haven’t seen it too many other creative ownership models at this point in time so with the brown county scenario we essentially had a landfill in each county so outagamie maintain maintain control of their landfill winnebago maintain control of their landfill Brown

County’s got our to close landfills and then we will ultimately you know maintain control of the new land that we will be constructing in 2018 2019 okay our next question comes in from Christopher Lloyd can you discuss the permits required for the digester facility um the Oshkosh project or we

Able to get at which wich digester project and i’m not sure okay so so for farm projects essentially the there’s some rules for farm projects and that there is in wisconsin anyway so there is some ability to take in off site materials if that number it used to be

Ten percent if the amount was more than ten percent then it was effectively regulated as a wastewater treatment plant if it’s not above that then it’s regulated differently you know as more of a manure management facility from some of these other facilities again you’re going to have to go through

Because you’ve got engines there you know most of those will be under that the minimus in terms of requiring permitting that sort of thing so there’s not as much permitting and you know one of the concerns I have with farm digesters is in some regards there’s not as much professional engineering that’s

Done on those projects or at least you know when this first started up for the you know the early 2000s in Wisconsin there was not as much engineering and it wouldn’t be designed the same way a wastewater treatment plant would in some ways to save money and you know so my

Concern is if there’s one accident you want one of these farm digesters I could really have some negative connotations for the overall industry as we’re starting to ramp this back up but so from a regulatory standpoint there’s much less on-farm digesters than what there would be for municipal wastewater

Treatment plant in terms of construction requirements regulations and so on okay great our next question comes in from Janelle flag can other animal waste be used in the system yeah absolutely so Andrew mentioned I think a hog manure project is being considered and then there was actually a project on and south

Wisconsin where they were looking at duck manure I believe so the way animals are talked about from a regulatory standpoint they look at animal units and one animal unit is equivalent to a thousand used to be a thousand pounds of live weight essentially so typical dairy

Cows about 1400 to 1,600 pounds or 1.4 to 1.6 animal units if you cross over a thousand animal units then you start being regulated more strictly in terms of land application of manures and that sort of thing so you need far more duck ducks to get an animal unit than you do

Need the dooney cows the interesting thing with that project is they were marketing the solids as father Dom’s duck do I believe was the name and for those of you that have ever eaten Paul Newman’s salad dressing they use the same marketing firm to create the father

Dumb duck do packaging and it looked remarkably similar to the salad dressing so okay our next question comes in from Tom Wiggins how supportive our public utility providers to partnering with alternative energy generation sites and EG digesters methane gas from landfills etc from a political financial and cooperative perspective that’s that’s

Been a tremendous challenge on the inner connection agreements do raise some issues and then you know the buyback that the utilities are willing to pay for the electricity has been the other big issue so speaking for the brown county landfill project we ultimately got a blended rate of about seven point

Three cents per kilowatt-hour i believe so that accounted for some of the off peak power some of the on peak power and that also included all the environmental credits that went along with the project so some summer farm digesters you know at least a few years back we’re making a

Fair amount of money off greenhouse gas credits that people requiring given what’s happened that’s kind of dried up a little bit but but working with utilities can be a challenge some of the utilities do have renewable portfolio requirements so that would provide more of an incentive for them most of the

Utilities in our state have been able to meet some of those requirements through some large wind projects or that so at that point you know they’re not willing to you know pay a huge premium to get this power from these types of projects my argument is always the

Landfill projects and you know biogas projects from farms and so on that power is more valuable than the power that’s produced from a wind turbine our solar panel because it is dispatchable and it’s available essentially 24-7 where the wind and the solar power are not but you know that’s still a tough argument

To make with the utility so it has been a challenge we have at a fairly strong group here which is consistent folks from Focus on Energy and a number of different stakeholders that have been trying to get a statewide you know taro for a statewide rate for all biogas but

That to this point that has not happened so okay um our next question comes in from Marlene Leon’s doctor caters is there a copy of your master’s thesis online if not where can one be obtained unfortunately there is not a copy online but you can probably go to the uw-green

Bay library and get it through interlibrary loan or I might be able to have somebody scan it in and if you can just drop me an email I can probably do that it was almost painful to have to go back and read my own thesis but yeah I

Can certainly make that available to folks great I’m our next question comes in from brian freeman do any of your examples include concrete crushing if so what type of off-site impacts are associated I have not been involved in any of those types of operations that wasn’t really one of my materials when I

Work for recycling market development board but but I know that is pretty prevalent these days in Wisconsin and let me just check with Andrew here but concrete crushing unfortunately we can’t help you on that one okay I’m our next mission comes in from James pona can you

Explain or clarify what you mean by feedstock again as I’m looking at different projects whether when I use the term feedstock I’m looking at that essentially is a resource or raw material that could go into a project so for a digester like a tache gosh there would be a number of

Different materials that could go into their as I Android described it could be food waste it could be you know other organics derived from food processors and so on so I use that term fairly generically to talk about anything that might at this point be a waste that

Could potentially become a a resource that could go into into a project okay so as I’m looking at the way chef model that I talked about which is one of the things that we did you know in Brown County to try and identify who the stakeholders would be there’s a lot of

Publicly available information in terms of the amount of waste that people are disposing of or generating otherwise you can use some standard industry numbers and create that table essentially to figure out what is being locally generated within your community and what those feedstocks what those potential resources might be great I’m our next

Question comes in from Andrea Aldric are there solar panels on top of the biopharm no other or not okay so basically of the roof system you know there’s a gas bag that’s right underneath the roof but there are not solar panels on top but there certainly could be because you’d have all the

Internet interconnection equipment right there to you know allow that to happen I would add that at the University of wisconsin-green Bay we do have our largest academic building which has two different photovoltaic arrays on it so on one of our roofs between a standing metal scene roof we have a thin-film PV

System and then we also have another system that’s in an atrium area where we have what’s called a vision glass and the vision glass they actually put the PV material on and then they use a laser to essentially edge off so that to allow some of the light transmissivity to go

Through to create a nice viewing area so that’s the first building anywhere in the country that has those two systems combined on it we get a lot of architects and engineers that take tours up up through that facility to see that so great um our next question comes in from

Kevin Burns and I think it’ll be our last question for the day does Wisconsin still have a recycling market development board Virginia abolish its own last year yeah ours was abolished in about two thousand and that was right about the time I went from working for their market development board to taking

A faculty job and I did just have one of my graduate students do a project going back and looking at all the projects that were funded by the recycling market development board over the course of about eight years and you’d be surprised there’s a large number of those

Companies that are still in business and have expanded their use of recycled materials and again one of the reasons I wanted to do that study was to demonstrate that there were some really cool things that came out of the work that was done at that time period we’ve

Essentially turned our back on it now by eliminating all those programs so again the two that I cited when I talked one is a company called cascade asset management they were able to get some development funds to basically put the business plan together they got some

Money to do some rd work from wisconsin department of natural resources and then we got them startup money from our md be there one of the again largest recycling computer electronics recycling companies in wisconsin and then end cap was another example we got them some money to basically do a business plan which

Followed a grant from the dnr to do some of the research and development on their products so there were a lot of companies that work their way through the system the way it should be done yell let’s essentially do some research come up with idea put a business plan

Together the business looks viable let’s go get a low-interest loan build the facility and start to make product and create jobs and again you’d be hard-pressed to find any of those resources these days in the state of Wisconsin to allow company to do the same thing that those companies did back

In the 90s okay great well I’m thank you so much I both of you for giving this presentation and if anybody has any follow-up questions I Andrew and john’s email addresses are listed right up on the PowerPoint right now so you can jot those down and contact them later um so

For those of you who are still with us I’m going to go through a few reminders in just a few minutes thank you again Andrew and John for presenting today thanks for having us alright well for those of you who are still with us I’m going to go through a

Few reminders about how to log your CM credits for attending today’s webcast I’m go to ww plng org slash cm select activities by date select today’s date which is Friday februari tent and select today’s webcast just planning for innovation waste management and recycling this webcast is available for

One and a half cm credits also we are recording today’s webcast and you will be able to find a recording of this webcast along with the PDF of the presentation at ww utah APA org slash webcast archive this will be available on early next week and this does

Conclude today’s session I want to thank everyone again for attending you you you you

ID: 4n67XCUIA18
Time: 1343164677
Date: 2012-07-25 01:47:57
Duration: 01:32:07

منبع