Title:آب، برنامه ریزی، سازگاری و همکاری برای تغییرات آب و هوایی – رنه جونز-بوس

مؤسسه جدید در روتردام میزبان سخنرانی سالانه L’Enfant بود. این سخنرانی توسط انجمن برنامه‌ریزی آمریکا سازماندهی شد و بخشی از یک سفر مطالعاتی حرفه‌ای در هلند بود تا چگونگی استفاده و اعمال روش‌های حفاظتی در مناطق ساحلی در سراسر ایالات متحده را بررسی کند. سخنرانی “آب، برنامه ریزی، سازگاری و همکاری برای تغییر آب و هوا” توسط رنه جونز-بوس، سفیر سابق هلند در ایالات متحده ارائه شد.

قسمتي از متن فيلم: A very warm welcome to the American guests in the audience to all other Dutch people here and I can’t tell you what an honor it is for me and a privilege to be giving this laughs on lecture here in the Netherlands the first one day that you do abroad and I

Feel humbled that you have asked me thank you very much well as you already said Paul our embassy in Washington has cultivated an intense relationship with the American Planning Association symposium studied tourist workshops and now this lecture I think demonstrates it and I would really like to add my words

Of appreciation to Dale Morris of the embassy daily have so been so instrumental worked so hard to get this relationship going and I think it has led to a lot of beautiful things so thank you very much for that um well let me explain maybe to our Dutch friends

Why I think Paul and chase asked me to give this non fond lecture water management spatial planning and urban design are as you can imagine not the Ministry of Foreign Affairs core business our business is diplomacy promoting growth in the Netherlands and elsewhere we represent Dutch citizens and policies abroad and promote

International collaborations on issues of developments food security human rights the rule of law national security we are not architects planners engineers biologists or water manages even though some colleagues might think differently they are not that expertise lies primarily with the Netherlands Ministry of infrastructure and the environment that ministry plus our provincial and

Municipal governments water boards academics and the private sector I have the real expertise our feet are dry our citizens safe our cities resilient our landscape sustainable our water is fresh because of their hard work they ensure the Dutch infrastructure roads bridges rail airport and flood protection is robust that foreign investment is secure

And that I economy can function so what I say today is also on their behalf the Netherlands is not the only country that must manage flood risk or deal with sea level rise a more extreme weather or occupy landscape that will become more vulnerable that is where my ministry comes in our diplomats

In partnership without a Dutch agency take homegrown Dutch water expertise and apply it abroad we do dis bilaterally in Indonesia Vietnam Thailand China the Caribbean South America the Middle East and in Africa we do dis multilaterally by the World Bank in the American Development Bank and the United Nations

And we export that expertise to enhance our own domestic economy over the next 40 minutes or so I will take you into the heart of our Delta through our city’s canals and research labs and across the globe our past present and future will guide us and our lens will

Be water management landscape design planning and collaboration you’ll learn what makes us arguably the world the world’s best water managers and what gives us the world’s worlds best protected Delta the Dutch in the audience will hear a familiar yet perhaps surprising water story of an active government and embassies partnering with the international

Community in planning engineering science and design partnering to also enhance our own practices policies and domestic and economic goals let’s start with Rotterdam in the 13th century fisherman plays a dam on the river Dorota to stop saltwater from contaminating freshwater marshes and farmlands when cargo from seagoing

Vessels was lifted over the dam on two smaller vessels Rotterdam’s role as a trading location was firmly established Rotterdam strategic location we between the Fertile Delta and river regions and the sophisticated consumers in the hague amsterdam and Delft translated immediately into wealth shipbuilding took root nearby and a few

Centuries later so did still making chemicals logistics and manufacturing all of this because of a dam on a river to keep saltwater at bay 400 years ago Rotterdam’s forefathers made water environmental planning and economic development the heart of the city’s future their vision made Rotterdam the beating heart of the Dutch economy

Rotterdam is a microcosm of the Netherlands to its climate and what the challenges are found in all corners of my country it is fitting I think that we find ourselves here today while all people have bought it in their blood we Dutch have water in our DNA this is not

By accident if anything defines us it is water it was said by earlier speakers as well and you said it to Martin freshwater saltwater polluted water storm water groundwater too much water too little water water dead brought trade and commerce water that gives us that gives form to our iconic cities

Defines our landscape and infuses our culture and water that has brought many floods these floods claimed hundreds of thousands of lives they changed a land its form and its users and for centuries they left a potent legacy in Dutch mines strengthen the dikes fight the water tame the landscape and we created after

Hundreds of years a safe and attractive landscape our flood protection standards in which some errors are protected against the one in 10,000 years storm are the Marvel of the world and our flood protection barriers are iconic statements of how we deal with water a breast the old Amsterdam Stock

Exchange is the statement the cost Hartford about art cost comes before benefits and that is absolutely true of our investment in flood infrastructure untold billions of euros and who knows how many lives have been saved because of our flood defenses we build this infrastructure out of physical and

Economic necessity if the ports of Rotterdam or Amsterdam or Schiphol Airport would flood our economy would be crippled if multinational corporations and budding entrepreneurs don’t feel safe investing in our economy they won’t the 21st century however has intensified our challenges sea level is rising coastal storms may become more extreme

Erosion increased River discharge more rain periodic droughts salt intrusion subsidence all these in the world’s third most densely populated country are old higher the dikes approach is no longer sustainable or affordable we understand better today than yesterday that the physical landscape and environment dominate us as much as we

Try to dominate it so a new path a new paradigm is before us where we live with water and not always fight it our collective DNA is thus mutating away from flood resistance at any cost to flood accommodation whenever possible Einstein once said we cannot solve our problems with the same thinking that

Caused them climate change better environmental knowledge and social demographic trends as well as Einstein inspire us to new policies and practices after Hurricane Katrina the Dutch government and panelled the second Delta Commission to study how the Netherlands might adapt to climate change as well as to the uncertainty of climate

Change I want to quote from the commission’s report and I quote the threat is not a cute butt our mandate is urgent there is absolutely no reason for panic but we must be concerned for the future we have been asked to come up with recommendations not because a

Disaster has occurred but rather to avoid it the challenge to the Netherlands is not primarily a threat it also offers new prospects how can we ensure that future dent generations will continue to find our country an attractive place in which to live and work to invest and take their leisure

Unquote the Commission set forth broad ideas and a number of week what we Dutch kool & N or what you Americans would call and this and that recommendations the integration of water management and spatial planning the creation of a long-term vision and short-term actions multiple levels of defense approach in

Which prevention planning and resiliency lower the risk of a flood event and the impacts of a flood should it happen a series of governance actions a delta and delta fund Anna Delta decisions and a delta commission and even a delta commissioner with vinegar we all know I want to explore to propose changes

Through the lens of better science analysis and policymaking used in the Netherlands we Dutch as I’m sure you know can pinch a penny with the best of them we want to sit in the first row but only pay a dime for the seat of the bell

For a TT of the Year Strong is it for the Dutch amongst us our individual thriftiness is collective our approach to public and private expenditure is sober a number of flood protection improvements were underway when the second delta commission recommended a tenfold increase in flood protection levels currently there are 53 dike rings

In the Netherlands each was one of four protection levels that vary from one to twelve hundred and fifty to one to ten thousand years the current levels developed in the 1960s for coastal areas and in the 1990s for river areas were not uniformly based upon cost-benefit analysis a decade ago an independent

Review concluded that the existing protection standards for the dike rings did not properly reflect their economic value this is not surprising given economic and social demographic development over the years but should we as the Delta Commission recommended increase all levels by a factor of ten is that the most efficient thing to do

From an investment or cost perspective our new national water plan requires us to develop optimal flood protection standards for all diagrams so within the confines of our Delta program and alongside the central bureau for Economic Policy Analysis Delta res till Brook University hkv consultants and tu Delft we did just that the new

Cost-benefit analysis counts construction and maintenance costs of infrastructure financial and economic losses intangible losses environmental landscape cultural heritage and the loss of human life it counts numerous tangible and less tangible benefits it is complex and mind-numbing so I’ll skip the details but share with you some of

Its findings first as areas get denser and gain higher economic values economically efficient protection levels should increase over time this means our work is never done second the incidence of piping in which water seeps under a dike and destabilizes it under Dutch River levees was essentially underestimated in other

Words flood probabilities in river areas may be higher than estimated and thus additional protective measures are needed third inundation scenarios show worse impact in river rhine areas than in coastal areas this was a surprise we always believe the water wolf that comes from the sea was more dangerous fourth a

Higher level of public risk aversion for small probability high impact events meant that a risk premium can be priced in the cost-benefit analysis fifth that the geographical pattern of optimal protection differs from the current legal standards and finally that raising all dike ring protection levels by a

Factor of 10 was unnecessary and at raising dike levels in a few areas would be sufficient for the time being our new cost-benefit analysis shows us how to be safer and smarter and save ourselves billions of euros in the interim not a bad outcome from economics or what we

All know to be the dismal science this cost-benefit tool was awarded the prestigious 2013 fronts Edelman award given to the premier examples of advancements in management science I applaud the team members and some of them are in the audience here this afternoon we are proud and our wallets

Are lucky to have these economists working for us and we’ll be happy to lend them for a minimal fee to other countries that have flood risk and limited public funds as I’m afraid most countries have at the moment so our new paradigm and tools help us quantify the

Benefits of ecosystem services these are the things from nature we need and use clean air water food they are produced by natural capital trees mountains oceans rivers they yield beneficial processes like flow motor nutrient cycling passive flood protection they provide habitat food water storage recreation and aesthetic values because our public investment

Strategies must yield multiple benefits capturing the value of ecosystem services will improve project design and our return on investment uncertainties about climate change economic and population growth technology and verra mental conditions and social preferences create headaches for politicians and planners the world over an uncertainty can be paralyzing the further away the

Horizon the less clear we see but if we don’t have some path forward we’ll get nowhere or maybe end up in a worse place fortunately better science robust data and new policy tools can help us adapt to an uncertain future the Delta Commission sketched a horizon for us

Quote an attractive place in which to live and work to invest and take leisure unquote one Commission recommendation for that attractive place is the creation of additional water storage capacity in Lake essel to ensure that fresh water supply this may sound odd for a country with too much water but

Climate variability will confront us with both wetter and drier weather so how do we presently use fresh water we use it for agriculture and irrigation to counter salt water intrusion in our rivers and salt water seepage in ground water to flush water systems and counteract nutrients and pollutants

Caused by human activity for drinking an industrial process water to operate our intricate system of gates sluices bumps ditches and surface water levels to keep our levees wet and stable during times of drought if we create more fresh water storage by raising water levels in Lake

I soul we can also drain the lake by gravity important flood control consideration even when the sea level rises problem solved no because we’ll also have to raise the dikes surrounding the lake to counter the increased flood risk we could tackle the freshwater problem through other means water efficiency by

Planting more salt tolerant crops or migrating farms to areas with reliable water supply these options are not cost-free either as they displace farmers and require more sluices pumps and inlets to move and manage water during droughts if climate change impacts are uncertain should we wait until the freshwater dangerous appear

That could be dangerous should we implement aggressively that could be wasteful do we just muddle through that could be both wasteful and dangerous new policy and planning tools available can help and one of these is called DEP da PP or dynamic adaptive policy pathways da PP helps in three ways first it

Articulates a strategic vision second it implements short-term no regret actions and third a deploys monitoring and decision making framework to guide future decisions da PP takes nothing for granted in the long term but most things forward in the short term the AP p embraces the use of tipping points which

Is when a strategy can no longer meet its objectives becomes insufficient and fails reaching a tipping point means that the forces of failure are self-sustaining they are not one of our psyche local events tipping points show us how much climate change how much sea level rise how much weather intensity

The current management regime can absorb they tell us when a new policy or direction is needed this is important because knowing which investment are needed at what place and when is crucial so let me now move away from policy into the realm of practice we’re Landscape Architecture spatial

Planning and multiple layers of Defense come together where cost-benefit analysis meets sustainability very respect and use nature’s unique ways of creating and destroying where today safety does not impede tomorrow’s resiliency what follows is a clear and direct embrace of design design is the interlocutor between gray and green infrastructure between single purpose

Projects and multifunctional ones design reduces costs and creates more value for money designers creatively tackle complex physical challenges and give us functional innovative attractive and affordable solutions I’ll begin an Amsterdam lively cultural walkable waterlogged its famous canals 400 years old this year are the spine of the city

Amsterdam is lovely dynamic but has a shortage of homes just east of the city a new sustainable community is rising from the bottom of Lake a lend users are mixed and dwellings while dense are spread across six man-made islands which are elevated above projected flood levels public transport is nearby aber

Combines flood resilient urban architecture including floating homes with parklands and water storage areas to provide recreation Risk Reduction and resiliency aber also values aesthetic values where street fronts borrow heavily from historic Amsterdam making this new development a natural extension of our most famous city sorry Rotterdam a second example however is right here

In Rotterdam which i think is soon becoming a very famous city which sees climate change as a threat and an opportunity the threat water levels increasing from four directions water from above ground water from below rising sea levels from the west a more River discharge from the east because

Raising the dikes is not an option a new school of water based planning and design has exploded the opportunity as the old inner part is abandoned for newer larger facilities closer to the sea urban renewal opportunities abound parking garages skate parks and urban plazas are storing water buried canals

Are being reopened water taxis are connecting neighborhoods green roofs and stormwater collection systems are commonplace and retrofits of buildings streets and neighborhoods are serving multiple climate adaptation goals found it in the eighth century Utrecht city in the center of the Netherlands is encircled by lakes rivers and farmlands

And straddles are in the navigation and rail networks medicine and health are its engine a new tracks is also known as the center of religion in the Netherlands to grow safely you text first studied its flood risk and vulnerabilities water depth flood arrival times and flood impacts were assessed on Utrecht infrastructure road

Rail IT energy and water supply flood impacts on nearby nuclear and chemical industries residential and industrial areas and vulnerable groups of society were reviewed nutrex plan combines ways to keep water out prevention with ways to minimize damage adaptation with ways to speed recovery resiliency in short just what the Delta Commission calls for

The plan sets for the menu for buildings infrastructure key networks and public spaces storm water storage compartments in basements elevation of critical infrastructure at the residential industrial and commercial scales waterproof or flood abul first floors and building materials amphibious buildings and water storage in public spaces multifunctional dikes

And buildings and movement dams and floodwalls nutrex plan is not groundbreaking officials acknowledge that they were inspired by the efforts in other Dutch cities and from abroad but what makes you to explain unique and instructive for wet cities are two things it keeps flood risk prevention adaptation and resiliency at the

Forefront of every plan it gives planners and developers a diverse toolkit to ensure Utrecht survival for a few more centuries next up is our room for the river program which was developed in response to near floods along Dutch rivers in the 1990s room for the river has 35 projects and focuses

Upon to explicit goals improving floodplain functions and increasing the area’s spatial quality one project is in a mayor a city of about 200,000 people along the rhine river the river channel near Nemaha narrows drastically from one mile wide wide to less than a third of a

Mile wide when the snow melts in the Alps or it rains heavily in Germany water stacks up just above the city threatening life and property a river bypass north of the city was the obvious solution but that would mean takings land acquisition increased infrastructure costs and it would not

Improve the area’s spatial quality so a second option was created with city stakeholders this option sets back the river dike creates a new water channel and a wider floodplain environmentalists get new parkland water manage it managers get lower flood risks shippers get more reliable navigation citizens get new high value waterfront

Opportunities residential retail and commercial this project showcases the real benefits of how design creates more value more safety and lower long-term costs just east of rotterdam we have the north part projects here we are notching levies to create a diversion channel that will purposely flood farmlands the north part project at 11,000 square

Acres the reduce flood risk in nearby cities of hora home harcum and directs returns previously died wetlands to their natural state and improve ecosystem connectivity in a nearby National Park it broadens a migratory bird fly way and restores a resilient landscape that disappeared almost 200 years ago nearby an old historic fort

And village will be protected by an old new approach to wave energy reduction instead of building a hike to surround afford a low dike will be constructed and then front it with a one and a half mile long by hundred meter wide set of willow trees these trees provide habitat

And environmental quality reduce storm level water heights by eighty percent and substantially lower die construction and maintenance costs mankind’s preference for taming a dynamic coast has been hard engineered structures jetties sea walls sea dikes while these structures are often essential in mankind is to live safely near water

They are inflexible and often aggravate a problem they were supposed to solve hybrid engineering is the foundation of our five year old building with nature program by combining natural dynamic processes with engineering we develop flexible scalable solutions that are more resilient than hard structures the willow trees at north part are a good

Example elsewhere we are seeding oyster reefs in front of many of our delta dikes which reduce destructive wave energy lower wave heights trap sediments create lens and remove pollution and nutrients from the water column talk about multiple benefits similarly we are restoring mud flats and water base forests these forests boast an

Intricate web of under underwater routes that build soil and provide habitat food food fiber filtration and carbon storage building with nature shows that hybrid engineering can solve Delta challenges and improve ecosystems it is adaptive at all scales from the tiniest micro estuary to deltas and coastlines around

The globe I will wrap up this part of the lecture by discussing the send engine every year we must stabilize our coastline by adding 12 million cubic meters of send to our foreshore sea level rise scenario suggested doubling or tripling of those send editions we’re lucky to have large volumes of send

Nearby an innovative cost-effective that stretches in 2011 21 million cubic meters of sand double our annual amount and occupy occupying about one square mile was placed in a big pile along the Dutch coast in 2011 nature’s engine wind water and waves will distribute descend but some finding its ways into the dunes

Increasing their strength and attractiveness with some fortifying the foreshore providing immediate flood protection benefits and with the rest migrating to northern stretches of our coast the 70 million dollar projects well teaches more about sediment transport and possibly make nearby send supplementation unnecessary for the next 20 years descent engine may also save

Millions of euros in annual dredging costs a surprising send engine spinoff is a tourism it generated when surfing and wave running are big sports in the Netherlands and the scent engine has made our coastline a go-to destination for wind and wave running enthusiasts two decades ago Harvard economist Michael Porter wrote the competitive

Advantage of nations in it he shows our nation’s landscape culture labor supply industries and governing institutions give it a distinct economic identity and advantage it’s elyse unparalleled craft industries Japan’s integration of supply change the u.s. is innovation capacity Germany’s manufacturing excellence all these come to mind in the Netherlands

Water is part of our economic identity shipbuilding logistics harbour management sustainable water fronds construction in wet soils dredging Delta management motor technology all these grew from our wet soil water is soon becoming the world’s most precious natural resource it keeps us alive grows our food and is crucial to industrial

Manufacturing and energy processes as countries develop they consume more water the challenge of water is as many have framed it too much too little too polluted and often in the wrong place for key issues drive our international development cooperation policy the rule of law food security sexual and

Reproductive rights and health and water Michael Porter was right our competitive advantage in water is deployed in multilateral fora like the UN the World Bank the inter-american Development Bank and in bilateral relations with asian african and south american nations i want to showcase a few of these projects

Because they reflect how the dutch government primarily the ministries of foreign affairs and infrastructure and environment and our embassies abroad actively exploit our water expertise in the pursuit of our international policies so let me start with the water partnership program at this moment on most 1 billion people lack a safe

Reliable water supply one-third of the world’s population lack proper sanitation urban water systems must increase supply for more than a billion people over the next 15 years just to stand still climate change will worsen this water stress together with Denmark and the United Kingdom we have established an eleven and a half billion

Dollar World Bank trust fund to support climate resilient water supply infrastructure and sanitation projects benefiting 50 million people in 26 countries and 17 million of these are in Africa Indonesia has every water challenge imaginable highly variable water levels poor drainage extreme subsidence between 2 to 10 inches a year excessive groundwater extraction

Insufficient freshwater coastal erosion and deteriorating flood protection structures it also has a rapidly developing industrial economy a pressing need for housing and poorer water quality solving each of these problems in isolation is possible but such an approach would exacerbate the other problems our national and provincial governments and our water boards have

Strong partnerships with Indonesian authorities our embassy in Jakarta is a beehive or should I say a spawning ground of water and climate related activity many projects large and small are underway I won’t described and we’d be here all night if I did but the projects have two key priorities first

Developing the technical capacity needed to design and operate a sophisticated integrated water resources management plan taking into account sea level rise second creating and empowering the governance structures necessary to oversee implement and fund such plans a few other examples in Colombia Vietnam and Bangladesh let’s start with Colombia Colombia seventeen hundred meter

Coastline is diverse an idyllic rocky cliffs mangrove forests muddy base sandy beaches abundant estuaries and deltas it is also slowly eroding away man made structures and processes jetties dams hydropower facilities send mining mangrove and mud fair destruction are accelerating the erosion unlike Indonesia’s complex set of problems Colombia’s problems can be solved by

Restoring the coastal sediment balance fortunately elements of our building with nature program are tailor-made for this task and that’s what we do in Colombia the Vietnamese government recognized the enormous importance of water to the regional development of the Mekong Delta an area crucial for the national and regional food supply think

Rice Dutch experts are helping to draft a Mekong Delta plan and Ho Chi Minh City has used dutch planners and designers to create its own climate adaptation plan on to Bangladesh the world’s largest Delta is in Bangladesh where water management has a direct impact on whether people live or die densely

Populated Bangladesh faces regular flooding at an unimaginable scale we have provided Bangladesh’s water management aid since its independence and cooperation is increasing because of sea level rise here too we are helping them develop a national delta plan that has a fifty to a hundred year horizon

And now to come a little bit closer to home in this case the United States which still feels a little bit like home to me let me wrap up by highlighting collaboration in the u.s. that benefits both countries which is exactly what Dutch taxpayers expect us civil servants to do on their behalf

First of all Louisiana and and Paul you mentioned it already Hurricane Katrina for all of its devastation created a louisiana-based nexus of hyper creativity in flood protection wetland restoration and adaptations since 2005 we have deepened relationship with the US scientist working on Delta and climate change issues Dutch provinces are learning emergency management

Techniques from Louisiana officials Dutch engineers shared their knowledge of levy construction inspection maintenance and integrated flood protection with their Cajun counterparts around New Orleans Dutch engineers helped design one of the world’s largest flood control structures we are jointly analyzing sea level rise impacts on low-lying towns and barrier islands and

Sharing research on sediments water safety and hydrology Delta rose base nearby in Delft is motivated by its mission statement called enabling Delta life Louisiana authorities asked us to engage the terrace because they wanted to replicate it in Louisiana especially after Katrina and the BP oil spill we helped Delta res collaborate with the

Louisiana government and its universities to create a vision mandate an operating structure for the water Institute of the Gulf rtw IG twig TW IG is up and running today its staff and board for visit the Netherlands for the Netherlands for the umpteenth time next week exchanges between scientists their

Scientists and hours are intense and more robust collaborations are planned perhaps our most ambitious project is in New Orleans where a Dutch American team under the guidance of New Orleans architect David Wagoner David is in you yet there he is has developed the city’s first integrated water management strategy our WMS

That WMS is a result of the dutch dialogues a series of cross-cultural cross-discipline workshops initiated by our embassy in washington with david and paul farmer the WMS is generating a new sustainable path forward for New Orleans other cities including post-sandy New York are clamoring for their own touch

Dialogues and David and his Dutch team hope to soon secure funding for and break ground on the WMS pilots nothing that’s the New Orleans future is at stake in 2011 mississippi river floods were devastating and showed a massive river system filled to the brim why weather and mankind seasonal rainfall

Rapid snowmelt and a constricted floodplain that could not function as mother nature had intended these conditions flooded River River Cities farland under water loss of life disinvestment may become commonplace if climate change scenarios hold true and just 12 months later a lengthy drought water levels at their lowest in 80 years

River navigation stalled a thousand miles away in New Orleans a still being built in the river to stop salt water from intruding upriver into drinking water intakes the Dutch Delta Commissioner projected too much rain too much water in the river and periods of drought no water and sold intrusion for

The Netherlands in 50 years except this future is happening right in the breadbasket of America today Dutch experts from the Delta Commission the room for the river program Delta res and a private sector were eager to help and Mississippi Mississippi River stakeholders calls just two months ago the embassy and Washington University

That a four-day workshop in st. Louis Louis Louis Louis I know one of the two is right at norm Lewis scenarios were imagined landscape and hydraulic conditions were investigated and a rich research again agenda was developed another workshop will dig deeper into the challenges the partners intend to produce river

Management planning and landscape strategies that can be implemented in communities up and down the Mississippi and the Dutch can take some lessons home to the Netherlands some of the same Dutch River experts get it in Los Angeles less than two weeks ago most of us know the Los Angeles River not

Because of its green lush riverbanks but instead from Hollywood movies you know the gray concrete culvert that is the background for car chases in many Hollywood action films now remember day we went to see it about a year ago and it’s absolutely shocking if you expect

To see a river and you see this concrete thing the LA River was once free-flowing accessible and full of Wildlife and wetlands when the river was confined to a concrete channel Los Angeles gained flood safety but lost its green heart since the 1980s citizens have been trying to restore and reopen the river

They know the river can be more than a drain and provide more amenity than just a backdrop for Hollywood blockbusters reopening the river won’t be easy but doing so will solve many of that city’s climate change problems Los Angeles stakeholders see our room for the river

Program as a model and we are trying to help in 2009 during the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson voyage to America water issues in New York City were analyzed by Dutch and us experts one scenario was uniquely alarming a lunar tide coinciding with a high power coastal storm coming ashore in the new

York region and that scenario became real last October hurricane sandy our consulate in New York our embassy in Washington and the professionals from the 2009 conference were activated the initial reaction to the storm build barriers evils close of the bay was one we understood we were honored by the

Growing chorus to call in the Dutch to build as barriers barriers about one part of our repertoire and we responded with a more varied June we recommended that before any decisions were made the entire region should assess its near-term vulnerabilities to storm surge that landscape occupation hydrology and hydraulic conditions be reviewed with

Sea level rise in mind that a regional plan be devised to focus decision-makers and at a toolkit of options large and small technical and non-technical grey and green be developed to mitigate the near and midterm coastal events be Dutch don’t pretend to have all the answers we can’t navigate us politics or choose

Specific investments or implement plans but we can help American experts access investigate cost-benefit imagine design and plan we have 800 years of experience or as some say 800 years of mistakes so we know a little bit what we’re talking about so we Dutch have returned to New

York not to buy it back and make up for the bad deal we made just over 400 years ago although we are tempted not to tell the New Yorkers what to do but instead to collaborate to learn to help so let me wrap up I began with a story about

Water and risk and move to economics science and design I talked about shared challenges shared goals shared future last winter Shaun Donovan Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and chairman of the hurricane sandy task force came to the Netherlands to learn from our past and our future he departed with good ideas

Our promise to help and hang Kovac there Hank Hank used to be our interim director general for water and planning he now works for secretary Donovan on planning and water Hank ville transfer Dutch approaches to the New York New Jersey region and he will learn how the

Best us expertise is put to work to prepare the region for the next sandy this exchange exemplifies Dutch American water collaboration and a test and is a testament to our shared future and perhaps just maybe we are secretly hoping that New York has embraced their Dutch roots and the Dutch water and

Planning practices that will keep their feet dry too together we can solve joint water issues together climate change is manageable together we can innovate design protect and plan a better future in East Africa in Asia in Europe and even in New York and together we can

Reignite a legacy does head that has its root in that little city on the bank of the Hudson that was once called New Amsterdam thank you very much thank you so much of such an inspiring talk one that again shows that we are listening to someone with great vision

Great pragmatism you mentioned in relationships and noted a few unintended effects I still think that you think like a planner so we are particularly happy to be able to hear you again address these kinds of issues i mentioned that jen grave is an international program manager jen works

Primarily on our latin american project and just as you were now the in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs we are working with US State Department covenant because under Barack Obama is President and then secretary Hillary Clinton a decision was made that urbanization and human settlement

Patterns and urban growth much of it in delta’s around the world really mattered when it came to foreign policy issues hi and so we’ve been working on capacity building in all of Latin America and recently helped create a 19 nation Planning Association of the island nations in the Caribbean we’re now

Working on sustainable urban housing and the Bolivia Peru Brazil and Mexico so we also look forward to perhaps partnerships on some of the water issues in those countries with our Dutch colleagues we are I believe going to take a few questions and answers we would ask that you speak into the

Microphone because this is being recorded and also ask that you keep the question brief and in the question with a question mark and and i will say that i will take the easy ones and the difficult ones i’ll pass on to dale and to pull and to everybody else here in

The audience who know much who knows much more about it denied an easy question there must be some so don’t be don’t be shy at all to get it going I’m afraid um I have to have built a David Wagoner ordeal Mars actually asked a question but there must be something

Here about some of the things we’ve heard please in the back row looking back last three years what is the what mistakes have you made where we can learn from it well now in the collaboration I certainly think one mistake that that that we Dutch sometimes tend to think we

Know it all I think we’re pretty smart and we’re pretty innovative certainly in terms of water issues as I think the example showed but in other things we can really learn for example evacuation of large groups of people yeah well I mean I think the United States is in a

Way much better prepared for that and have we thought that through enough so I think through collaboration you come with your own presumptions and your own ideas and your own knowledge and that’s often useful or inspiring to others but you immediately also learn from others there are things that we didn’t think

About or that we can learn I mean the massive scale of problems in Bangladesh you know huge width of the rivers I mean that this you learn something I think by every different environment where you work but it always goes both ways till can you think of a mistake that we’ve

Made as an American who’s been working for the Dutch the largest stake I would say that the Dutch make is they underestimate how difficult water challenges are in the rest of the world where the entire country is not threatened by water so the Dutch I tell American audiences that the Dutch

Problem is much easier to solve because the entire country is at risk and thus these tremendous efforts that the Dutch make are easy easier than in the US and so the the enthusiasm the Dutch experts show when they come to the u.s. to solve the problems can come over as arrogant

Sometimes when the American planner to say yeah we agree but we don’t have a play system that can accommodate that and thus tempering the Dutch enthusiasm and applying it in a long-term way is the challenge for us budgeting I think is interesting that we in within the Delta

Plan have budgeted for I think 50 years ahead that’s from what I unsent but our American colleagues now know that better unthinkable in the united states that you budgets so long a head right it’s every year an annual challenge another question please yes or meet fossil was your man delft

University thank you for your speech I have a question about the opportunities for the Dutch water sector because we see that the playing field is changing especially if we look at Delta’s in Asia and Africa the problems are very large but we also see that the Dutch government is cutting the budget for

International cooperation and a lot of water projects have been supported or kick-started by Dutch funding if we look at Vietnam average yearly income is a thousand euros per year a Dutch engineer costs thousand euro per day in your view what or in the view of the ministry what

Art let’s say the mechanisms of the future for the Dutch water sector to be also commercially active in the future well I think we’ve got an interesting new development in this cabinet is for the first time that we’ve combined portfolios of the minister for development and the Minister for Foreign

Trade Minister pluma who has foreign trade and development and I think it’s something that you you see happening in a lot of countries i mean there’s obviously some countries that are very poor and in conflict situation that will still really remain countries where we have mainly a development relationship

But you see that many countries are growing out of dire poverty and are much more interested in trade and investment type of relationship than purely a development you know a charity type of relationship so even though we are cutting our budget and unfortunately because of the economic crisis that’s a

Reality happening in a lot of countries at the moment we still are focusing on water I said in our development policy we have four priority areas and water is one of them so there still is some money available there we’re setting up a new fund the Dutch good growth fund with new

Money to help small businesses to do business in in developing countries development that are transitioning out of poverty we have the top sector policy have we’ve identified what is it eight or nine top sectors in the Dutch economy where we make an extra effort so our embassies

And water of course is one of our top sectors and our embassies are very active to develop the networks to access so I think even though we have to cut our budget both in the further development work and for our embassy network we will try to keep on focusing

On markets with potential growth markets emerging economies or the emerged economies and water is still an area of priority both in our economic policy and our development policy so I think we have to be more creative right somebody said to me the other day I don’t have so

Much money anymore so I have to start thinking and I thought there was a very interesting remark to a certain extent we come out of a very period of growth growth growth and now we’re in a different period and you can be very depressed about and say oh dear it’s a

Crisis or you can say well this triggers us to think much better about innovative solutions and creative ideas and I was talking to deer cave on the bear from Delft University you’re the chief of your board who was very optimistic and enthusiastic about everything that’s happening in Delft and I think we have

To create sir not only room for the river but room for that type of innovation as well it’s one in front here Madame Minister thank you for your comments today from the United States I was taken by Dale’s comment as far as how difficult things are to achieve in

The time frame that takes in our country whereas in Holland it seems to me that the young people of your country are the importance of water management and the role that water plays in your future is ingrained in the young people today much more than we see it in united states are

There any lessons that you can that you have learned in the education of young people that we might learn from in the united states that would help to bridge that gap that they’ll refer to I think they’ll was right in saying that for the Netherlands is existential right if

Two-thirds of your country is at or below sea level you basically have no choice and you really have to to constantly think about the risk of water or we wouldn’t be here in the first place and some people say that explains the Dutch carrot and some other people

Say it explains why we’re so told because we have to keep our head above the water so I don’t know which one of the two is true I think the big difference in the United States is you have so much space I saw it again with a

Hurricane in Moore was it last week two weeks ago Joplin last year a whole area gets destroyed and people just you know pick up or leave for the reason they start half a mile further on and they build cheap housing again and there’s a Dutch journalist they’re saying but why

Are you building wooden houses again or or you know why don’t you build concrete house because then next time there’s a hurricane there’s less risk well do you want to spend the money or do you have the money to spend on it and that’s why the Dutch phrase cost comes before

Benefit you have to invest and it might be a little bit more expensive now but it saves you in a long run but who is the congressman now has to decide on the budget and is he interested or she in in the budget 20 or 30 years from now and

That’s always a very difficult political yeah you have to wait too and you have the luxury of lots and lots of space in the United States and on the other hand a lot of your business and agriculture is around river areas and and big cities like New York New Jersey you see the

Effect of an enormous storm like sandy also on your infrastructure and on boards and houses so yeah one way or the other I see and that is why international cooperation helps because you see how people do it in different countries right so send a lot of young Americans to the Netherlands and they

Can all come a study in Delft right and we have some other good universities as well but I think through exchange through seeing how things are done in Ithaca it gives you ideas for your own countries just right like you know us go into the United States we get ideas of

How to do things so I really believe in the importance of international exchange particularly of young people and and and and two to go and study your come to school here is there another question yessir a little upper left thinking about Delta’s discussion often starts by funding and especially in the United

States is almost always starts now from funding but my question about to you is what is first its funding or inspiration I should ask our American colleagues to answer this so I’ll refer to both of you in any case to say something I till maybe can say something too I think

Inspiration is really important but as you all know often things come down to money and budgets and how much you can or want to make available you know for for what and you see you see it in my country now we’ve been right we’ve been pretty doing pretty well until a couple

Of years ago and and now we are trying to say should we stay below the three percent budget deficit or does it matter does it not better fierce economic and political debates so it’s it’s I think funding is very important because you have to have a long-term

Vision the vision comes first but the money has to to follow and I can see that that it’s that’s more difficult in a big country like the United States but Paul maybe you want to know i would agree entirely i said earlier that i had found that you were both visionary and

Pragmatic and i think that that’s what you’d need in leadership you do have to have the vision or else you just keep doing the same old thing but at the same time you’ve got to figure out what the steps are to get there in New Orleans the study that David Wagner is heading

Calls for major paradigm shifts paradigm shifts that the Dutch have made because the Dutch didn’t always do it the way we see it done over here now but in New Orleans I do believe that simply doing it the same ole way building the dikes a little bit higher those kind of things

Will not lead to risk reduction of any extent in more when the tornado has hit We certainly have seen that many of the schools many of the houses did not have safe rooms or safe houses which is one of the more economical ways of providing safety and so one does need the vision

To kind of show a better future at the same time you do have to be able to convince people you’ve got to be able to get the money that’s the pragmatic side so I I see them a sort of handing love I don’t I don’t think one one follows the

Other that’s why the economic model is quite interesting where you cost the different aspects so as an American who studied American political via practice sorry as American new study American political practice both in economic and political realm Americans by nature are reactive we do not look too far forward

Too far forward our political system is meant to respond not to prepare Congress is designed to be slow and ineffective and only after everything else fails is absolutely truth it is framed by the Constitution to be that way and only when there’s a national crisis which means something bad has already happened

Will the u.s. respond so i think that’s what the dutch need to understand about the United States system is that the political system is not designed to be efficient or effective by nature however when you talk about inspiration I’m looking around I’m looking around the

Room and I see Robert de Koning and of course the most inspirational landscape architect that I know or at least the most senior inspirational inspect Steven slobbers they have come to New Orleans and they have inspired into st. Louis and Los Angeles and they have inspired a

Number of Americans to take up this field of using design to create attractive safe places and so I think it’s your job to continue to come to the United States to help us figure this out and make Renee’s job more easy to promote collaboration and to promote the

Growth of Dutch economy I mean I have no doubt about that that that’s what you all want to do and and do it well and you can so we take inspiration from you and there’s no doubt that any of us who’ve seen Steven in that picture of

St. Louis doing this you know what he’s doing he’s inspiring folks so thank you I was lucky enough my freshman year in college in 1962 to be in rice stadium oh and we had a freshman week speaker a young President John Kennedy who gave his so called moon speech where he said

That by the end of the decade we would have a man on the moon and so I think that we have had burst of leadership and that perhaps the area of risk reduction is an area where we may see some leadership at some point because we face

The multiple risk we face the Hurricanes in the south and on the east coast we face the tornadoes in the midsection in the country we face other kinds of hazardous conditions in a very very large country so what what I think we need is national leadership at some

Point that looks holistically at all of those risk and comes up with a plan for the nation to not just address one risk but to look at the risk that we face as a nation and address them all together I know another comment or question yes Oh microphone down please well imagine

Myself as a devil’s advocate here but suppose I was one of the poor inhabitants of Oklahoma whose house was just blown down average house there must be a hundred thousand dollars what were it cost to build a house in concrete that would sustain a medium-sized tornado in terms of a house I really

Don’t know we had an article in planning magazine just a few months ago on the concept of safe safe rooms for houses what is I think more practical and is affordable is a safe room in a house so you may lose your house indeed but you

Don’t lose your lives and there were a number of lives lost and so I think that’s the the more likely way to go as opposed to construction that would wear every house might withstand a tornado there there tornadoes hit with two hundred and ninety mile an hour winds

For example yep another question I don’t see any right now so I would really like to thank our speaker once again and I know that something about the speaker right Renee Jones boss and her husband had travel the u.s. extensively during their years in Washington DC and I know

That they traveled to more state capitals than anybody I’ve ever met in the US and so they didn’t visit an on state capitol where I live which is Chicago Illinois our state capitol who’s downstate so I thought that the Renee you could continue your education in planning by looking at the plans of

Chicago many of which are quite visionary okay and also Martin I’ll be right down again thanks so much for the partnership here this evening and would like to present you another Chicago book chicago architecture and design so perhaps if you have a minute Chicago you

Can no get your appetite the wet for a visit if not come to come visit again so thank you again thank you thank you all thank you

ID: hYx_YeP3Dok
Time: 1369943631
Date: 2013-05-31 00:23:51
Duration: 01:09:18

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